SULLAGE STABILIZATION POND SYSTEM
FOR
LIQUID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN RURAL AREAS
BY
Er. V.S. SIWACH, CHIEF ENGINEER
PANCHAYATI RAJ PUBLIC WORKS, HARYANA
AND
Er. SHANKAR JINDAL, SUPERINTENDING ENGINEER
PANCHAYATI RAJ PUBLIC WORKS, CHANDIGARH
INTRODUCTION

Disposal of waste water – a major problem in rural
areas.

Stagnant waste water leads to

Unabated growth – wild grass, hyacinth etc.

Unhygienic conditions

Bad odour

Breeding place for mosquitoes resulting in spread
of diseases like dengue, malaria etc.
VILLAGE PONDS – AN OVERVIEW


Ponds in the villages were meant for cattles,
clean water storage, ground water recharging
etc.
Existing ponds converted into cess pools due to
• Discharging of effluents from streets/ drains
• Deposition of sullage – inhibits percolation
• Growth of aquatic weeds due to nutrient
enrichment
• Run-off from cow dung/ solid waste dumps
around the pond

Capacity of the existing ponds also needs to be
increased.
TYPES OF WASTEWATER
 Grey

water
Waste water from bathroom, kitchen (except
toilet).

90 % of the waste water in villages is grey water.

Requires less treatment than black water.

Generally contain fewer pathogens.
 Black
water

Waste water mixed with waste from toilets.

Requires biological or chemical treatment and
disinfection before reuse.
TECHNOLOGICAL OPTIONS

Household level Management
• Kitchen Garden with piped root zone system
• Kitchen Garden without root zone system
• Leach Pit
• Soakage Pit
TECHNOLOGICAL OPTIONS
 Community Level Management
 At public places on site
•
Plantation with intercepting chamber
•
Community leach pit
•
Soakway Channel
•
Simple process of reuse of grey water
•
Root Zone System
TECHNOLOGICAL OPTIONS
 Off site Management
• Drainage System for collection and transportation
• Final Treatment
- Sullage Stabilization Pond System
- Screening, Sedimentation and Filtration system
- Stabilization Tank System
SULLAGE STABILIZATION POND SYSTEM
The system has three components:
Anaerobic Pond
Facultative Pond
Maturation Pond
SULLAGE STABILIZATION POND SYSTEM
SULLAGE STABILIZATION POND SYSTEM
Sizes
The sizes of the ponds have to be calculated to
commensurate with the retention time and the quality
of effluents discharging from the village
Population
Anaerobic
Facultative
Aerobic
1000
35’x24’x10’
64’x21’x5’
64’x21’x5’
2000
37’x25’x10’
90’x30’x5’
90’x30’x5’
3000
45’x30’x10;’
110’x37’x5’
110’x37’x5’
4000
60’x40’x10’
143’x47’x5’
143’x47’x5’
Note: Sizes may be increased as per site conditions/ sizes
of existing ponds
SULLAGE STABILIZATION POND SYSTEM
Anaerobic Pond
 Should have a depth of 10 feet.
 Grey water reaching this pond has high solid
content.
 Retention Period - 2 days.
 Solids - settle at the bottom and are digested
anaerobically.
 Partially clarified
facultative pond.
liquid
–
outflows
into
SULLAGE STABILIZATION POND SYSTEM
Facultative Pond
 Should have a depth of 5 feet.
 Retention period is 3 to 5 days.
 Oxidation of grey water takes place.
 Upper layer - aerobic conditions.
 Lower layer - anaerobic conditions.
 Aeration from air through the surface
SULLAGE STABILIZATION POND SYSTEM

Oxidation due to oxygen liberated through
photosynthetic activity of algae growing in the
pond due to availability of plant nutrients, from
bacterial metabolism in water and the incident
light energy from sun.

The pond bacteria utilize the algal oxygen to
metabolise the organic content of grey water.
SULLAGE STABILIZATION POND SYSTEM
Maturation Pond
 Size and retention time - same as facultative
pond.
 The stabilized water from facultative pond is led
to this pond.
 Main function is destruction of pathogens.
 Conditions are wholly aerobic.
GENERAL GUIDELINES

Existing ponds, if in abadi area, be revived for
clean water storage, wherever feasible.



Intercept drains/ nalas - to receive effluents from
streets/ drains and carry it away from the abadi
area.
New ponds be dug up at suitable sites (keeping in
view natural gradient of terrain and direction of
air flow) for storage and treatment of effluents.
Wherever intercept drains/nalas are not feasible,
existing ponds have to be remodeled for storage
and treatment of effluents.
CONSTRUCTION METHODOLOGY

Diversion of waste water

Draining out the pond

De-silting of pond

Construction of embankment

Pipes and other fittings

Provision of out flow for subsequent use in
agriculture/ horticulture/ fish farming/ ground
water recharging etc.

Beautification and plantation.
ACTION PLAN

Coverage of some villages (minimum one village
per block) in each district as pilot project with the
financial assistance of State Government.

Creating awareness, motivation, and sensitivity
among Gram Panchayats/ Villagers to trigger the
scheme.

Total coverage in a Mission Mode with active
involvement of PRIs and dovetailing of funds under
MGNREGA, TSC, PRI fund, MPLADS, local
contribution etc.