Chapter Introduction
Lesson 1 Energy Resources
Lesson 2 Renewable
Energy Resources
Lesson 3 Land Resources
Lesson 4 Air and Water
Resources
Chapter Wrap-Up
Why is it important
to manage natural
resources wisely?
What do you think?
Before you begin, decide if you agree or
disagree with each of these statements.
As you view this presentation, see if you
change your mind about any of the
statements.
Do you agree or disagree?
1. Nonrenewable energy resources
include fossil fuels and uranium.
2. Energy use in the United States is
lower than in other countries.
3. Renewable energy resources do not
pollute the environment.
Do you agree or disagree?
4. Burning organic material can produce
electricity.
5. Cities cover most of the land in the
United States.
6. Minerals form over millions of years.
Do you agree or disagree?
7. Humans need oxygen and water to
survive.
8. About 10 percent of Earth’s total water
can be used by humans.
Energy Resources
• What are the main sources of
nonrenewable energy?
• What are the advantages and
disadvantages of using nonrenewable
energy resources?
• How can individuals help manage
nonrenewable resources wisely?
Energy Resources
• nonrenewable resource
• renewable resource
• nuclear energy
• reclamation
Sources of Energy
Nonrenewable resources are resources
that are used faster than they can be
replaced by natural processes.
resource
from Latin resurgere, means
“to rise again”
Sources of Energy (cont.)
Renewable resources are resources that
can be replaced by natural processes in a
relatively short amount of time.
Sources of Energy (cont.)
What are the main nonrenewable
energy resources?
Nonrenewable Energy Resources
• Coal, petroleum (oil), and natural gas are
fossil fuels.
• Fossil fuels formed from the remains of
prehistoric organisms.
Much of the coal used today began
forming more than 300 million years ago
from the remains of prehistoric plants.
Reservoirs of oil and natural gas often are
under layers of impermeable rock.
Nonrenewable Energy Resources (cont.)
• There are advantages to using fossil
fuels.
• Changing the chemical energy of
fossil fuels into electric energy is
easy.
• Fossil fuels are relatively inexpensive
and easy to transport.
Nonrenewable Energy Resources (cont.)
• There are disadvantages to using fossil
fuels.
• Eventually, fossil fuels will be gone.
• Obtaining fossil fuels disturbs
environments.
• Pollution occurs when fossil fuels are
used.
Nonrenewable Energy Resources (cont.)
What is one advantage and one
disadvantage of using fossil fuels?
Nonrenewable Energy Resources (cont.)
• Energy released from nuclear reactions
is called nuclear energy.
• Nuclear power plants produce electricity
using nuclear fission.
In a nuclear power plant, thermal energy
released from splitting uranium atoms is
transformed into electrical energy.
Nonrenewable Energy Resources (cont.)
• A small amount of uranium releases a
large amount of energy.
• Waste from nuclear power plants is
radioactive and dangerous to living
things.
Managing Nonrenewable Energy
Resources
• Fossil fuels and nuclear energy provide
about 93 percent of U.S. energy.
• Although only about 4.5 percent of the
world’s population lives in the United
States, it uses more than 22 percent of
the world’s total energy.
Managing Nonrenewable Energy
Resources (cont.)
Reclamation is a process in which mined
land must be recovered with soil and
replanted with vegetation.
Photograph by H.E. Malde, USGS Photo Library, Denver, CO
Photograph by H.E. Malde, USGS Photo Library, Denver, CO
Managing Nonrenewable Energy
Resources (cont.)
You can conserve energy by unplugging
appliances when they are not in use and
walking or riding a bike.
Managing Nonrenewable Energy
Resources (cont.)
How can you help manage
nonrenewable resources wisely?
• Fossil fuels include
coal, oil, and natural
gas. Fossil fuels take
millions of years to
form. Humans use
fossil fuels at a much
faster rate.
• Nuclear energy comes
from splitting atoms, or
fission. Nuclear power
plants must be
monitored for safety,
and nuclear waste must
be stored properly.
• It is important to manage
nonrenewable energy resources
wisely. This includes mine reclamation,
limiting air pollutants, and conserving
energy.
Which resource do nuclear power
plants use for fuel?
A. coal
B. natural gas
C. oil
D. uranium
Which term refers to energy
released from atomic reactions?
A. fossil
B. nonrenewable
C. nuclear
D. renewable
Which term refers to resources
that can be replaced by natural
processes in a relatively short
amount of time?
A. fossil
B. nonrenewable
C. nuclear
D. renewable
Do you agree or disagree?
1. Nonrenewable energy resources
include fossil fuels and uranium.
2. Energy use in the United States is
lower than in other countries.
Renewable Energy Resources
• What are the main sources of
renewable energy?
• What are the advantages and
disadvantages of using renewable
energy resources?
• What can individuals do to encourage
the use of renewable energy
resources?
Renewable Energy Resources
• solar energy
• wind farm
• hydroelectric power
• geothermal energy
• biomass energy
Renewable Energy Resources
• Solar energy is energy from the Sun.
• Active solar energy uses technology,
such as solar panels, to gather and store
solar energy.
VisionsofAmerica/Joe Sohm/Photodisc/Getty Images
Renewable Energy Resources (cont.)
• Modern wind turbines can produce
electricity on a large scale.
• A group of wind turbines that produce
electricity is called a wind farm.
The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc./John Flournoy, photographer
Electricity produced by flowing water is
called hydroelectric power.
Renewable Energy Resources (cont.)
Thermal energy from Earth’s interior is
called geothermal energy.
geothermal
from Greek ge-, means “Earth”;
and Greek therme, means “heat”
Geothermal power plants use thermal
energy from Earth’s interior and produce
electricity.
Renewable Energy Resources (cont.)
Biomass energy is energy produced by
burning organic matter, such as wood,
food scraps, and alcohol.
What are the main sources
of renewable energy?
Advantages and Disadvantages
of Renewable Resources
• Renewable energy resources will be
available for millions of years to come
and produce less pollution than fossil
fuels.
• Disadvantages associated with using
renewable resources include that some
are costly or limited to certain areas.
Managing Renewable
Energy Resources
• Renewable energy
currently meets only
7 percent of U.S.
energy needs.
• Most renewable
energy comes from
biomass.
Managing Renewable Energy
Resources (cont.)
• Management of renewable resources
often focuses on encouraging their use.
• You can help educate others about
renewable energy resources and make
a difference by buying products that are
made using renewable energy
resources.
Managing Renewable Energy
Resources (cont.)
What can you do to encourage
the use of renewable energy
resources?
• Renewable energy resources can be
used to heat homes, produce
electricity, and power vehicles.
• Advantages of renewable energy
resources include little or no pollution
and availability.
• Management of renewable energy
resources includes encouraging their
use and continuing to research more
about their use.
Which is a disadvantage of using
wind energy?
A. availability in United States
B. expense
C. impact on birds
D. pollution
Which refers to energy produced
by burning organic matter?
A. biomass
B. fossil
C. geothermal
D. solar
What percentage of U.S. energy
needs are currently met by
renewable energy?
A. 7
B. 50
C. 70
D. 100
Do you agree or disagree?
3. Renewable energy resources do not
pollute the environment.
4. Burning organic material can produce
electricity.
Land Resources
• Why is land considered a resource?
• What are the advantages and
disadvantages of using land as a
resource?
• How can individuals help manage land
resources wisely?
Land Resources
• ore
• deforestation
Land as a Resource
• A natural resource is something from
Earth that living things use to meet their
needs.
• Using soil for agriculture and wood for
building are examples of people using
land as a natural resource.
Land as a Resource (cont.)
Why is land considered
a resource?
Forests and
grasslands make
up the largest
categories of
U.S. land use.
Forests and Agriculture
• Forests are cut down for fuel, paper
products, and wood products.
• People also clear land for development
and agriculture.
Forests and Agriculture (cont.)
• Certain minerals are mined to make
products we use every day.
• Ores are deposits of minerals that are
large enough to be mined for a profit.
Forests and Agriculture (cont.)
ore
from Old English ora, means
“unworked metal”
Many common products are made from
mineral resources.
Advantages and Disadvantages
of Using Land Resources
• Land resources such as soil and forests
are widely available and easy to access.
• Crops and trees are renewable—they
can be replanted and grown in a
relatively short amount of time.
Advantages and Disadvantages
of Using Land Resources (cont.)
• Deforestation is the cutting of large
areas of forests for human activities.
• Deforestation leads to soil erosion and
loss of animal habitats.
• Deforestation can affect global climates
by increasing the concentrations of
carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.
Advantages and Disadvantages
of Using Land Resources (cont.)
Runoff from mineral mines that contain
chemicals can pollute soil and water.
What are some advantages
and disadvantages of using
land resources?
Managing Land Resources
One way governments can manage
forests and other unique ecosystems
is by preserving them.
Managing Land Resources (cont.)
preserve
Science Use to keep safe from
injury, harm, or destruction
Common Use to can, pickle, or
save something for future use
Managing Land Resources (cont.)
• Land mined for mineral resources also
must be preserved.
• Land used for farming and grazing can
be managed to conserve soil and
improve crop yield.
Managing Land Resources (cont.)
One way you can
conserve land
resources is by
composting yard
wastes and
vegetable scraps.
Wave Royalty Free/Alamy
Managing Land Resources (cont.)
What can you do to help
manage land resources wisely?
• Land is a natural
resource that
humans use to
meet their needs.
• Disadvantages of
using land as a
resource include
deforestation,
which leads to
increased erosion
and increased
carbon dioxide in
the atmosphere.
• Individuals can help manage land
resources wisely by recycling,
composting, and growing food in
community gardens.
Which is NOT related to
deforestation?
A. animal habitats
B. carbon dioxide in atmosphere
C. climate change
D. fossil fuels
Which term describes deposits
of minerals that are mined for a
profit?
A. ores
B. geothermal energy
C. fuel
D. biomass
Which is nonrenewable?
A. biomass
B. crops
C. forests
D. ores
Do you agree or disagree?
5. Cities cover most of the land in the
United States.
6. Minerals form over millions of years.
Air and Water Resources
• Why is it important to manage air and
water resources wisely?
• How can individuals help manage air
and water resources wisely?
Air and Water Resources
• photochemical smog
• acid precipitation
Importance of Air and Water
• Air and water are
resources that you
cannot live without.
• Oxygen and water
are needed for
many life functions.
Most living things need air to survive but polluted air
can actually harm humans and other living things.
Importance of Air and Water (cont.)
Burning fossil fuels releases not only
energy, but also substances, such as
nitrogen compounds.
Photochemical smog is a brownish haze
produced when nitrogen compounds and
other pollutants in the air react in the
presence of sunlight.
Kent Knudson/PhotoLink/Getty Images
Importance of Air and Water (cont.)
• Forest fires and volcanic eruptions
release gases, ash, and dust into the air.
This dust can cause health problems
similar to those caused by smog.
• The burning of fossil fuels can react with
water in the atmosphere to produce acid
precipitation—precipitation that has a
pH less than 5.6.
Importance of Air and Water (cont.)
• Only 3 percent of
water on Earth is
freshwater, and
most of that is
frozen in glaciers.
• The total amount
of water on Earth
for humans to
use is 0.9
percent.
Managing Air and Water Resources
Management of air and water resources
must consider both human needs and the
needs of other living things.
Why is it important to manage air
and water resources wisely?
Managing Air and Water Resources
(cont.)
• Legislation is an effective way to reduce
air and water pollution.
• The regulations of the U.S. Clean Air
Act, passed in 1970, limit the amount of
certain pollutants that can be released
into the air.
The amount of sulfur compounds in the
atmosphere decreased following the
passage of the Clean Air Act.
Managing Air and Water Resources
(cont.)
You can make your
home more energyefficient by using
energy-saving lights
and appliances.
Mike Kemp/Getty Images
Managing Air and Water Resources
(cont.)
You can reduce water pollution by properly
using and disposing of harmful chemicals.
Robert Manella for MMH
Managing Air and Water Resources
(cont.)
How can individuals help manage
air and water resources wisely?
• Sources of air pollution include the
burning of fossil fuels in vehicles and
power plants,
and natural
events such
as volcanic
eruptions
and forest
fires.
• Only a small
percentage of
Earth’s water is
available for
humans to use.
Humans use
water for
agriculture,
industry,
recreation,
and cleaning.
• Management of air and water
resources includes passing laws that
regulate sources of air and water
pollution. Individuals can reduce
energy use and dispose of chemicals
properly
to help
keep air
and water
clean.
Which phrase refers to acid
precipitation?
A. can damage buildings
B. forms below the soil
C. pH is greater than 5.6
D. photochemical reaction
Which is essential for human life?
A. fossil fuels
B. precipitation with pH less than 5.6
C. oxygen in the air
D. salt water oceans
Which is NOT a source of air
pollution?
A. burning fossil fuels
B. forest fires
C. use of nuclear energy
D. volcanic eruptions
Do you agree or disagree?
7. Humans need oxygen and water
to survive.
8. About 10 percent of Earth’s total water
can be used by humans.
Key Concept Summary
Interactive Concept Map
Chapter Review
Standardized Test Practice
Wise management of
natural resources helps
extend the supply of
nonrenewable
resources, reduce
pollution, and improve
soil, air, and water
quality.
Lesson 1: Energy Resources
• Nonrenewable resources
include fossil fuels and uranium,
which is used for nuclear
energy.
• Nonrenewable energy resources
are widely available and easy to
convert to energy. However,
using these resources can
cause pollution and habitat
disruption. Safety concerns also
are an issue.
• People can conserve energy to
help manage these resources.
Lesson 2: Renewable Energy
Resources
• Renewable energy
resources include solar
energy, wind energy,
water energy,
geothermal energy,
and biomass energy.
• Renewable resources
cause little to no pollution. However, some types of
renewable energy are costly or limited to certain areas.
• Individuals can help educate others about renewable
resources.
Lesson 3: Land Resources
• Land is considered a resource
because it is used by living
things to meet their needs,
such as food and shelter.
• Some land resources are
renewable, while others are not.
• Individuals can recycle and
compost to help conserve
land resources.
Lesson 4: Air and Water Resources
• Most living things cannot survive without clean air
and water.
• Individuals can make their homes and schools more
energy efficient.
Which describes the process by
which mined land is recovered
with soil and replanted with
vegetation?
A. composting
B. deforestation
C. reclamation
D. strip mining
Which refers to energy from the
Sun?
A. biomass
B. geothermal
C. nuclear
D. solar
Which refers to energy from
Earth’s interior?
A. biomass
B. geothermal
C. nuclear
D. solar
Which is NOT an advantage of
using land resources?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Crops and trees are renewable.
Fossil fuels are renewable.
Soil and forests are accessible.
Soil and forests are available.
Which is a way you can help
manage air and water resources?
A. cleaning air-conditioning filters
B. properly disposing of harmful
chemicals
C. using energy-saving light bulbs
D. using more nonrenewable
energy sources
Which term refers to resources
that are used faster than they can
be replaced by natural processes?
A. fossil
B. nonrenewable
C. nuclear
D. renewable
Which is a disadvantage of using
fossil fuels?
A. amount of pollution produced
B. dangers of burning uranium
C. difficulty of mining
D. expense of transportation
Which term refers to the cutting
of large areas of forests?
A. composting
B. deforestation
C. preservation
D. runoff
What in the atmosphere does
deforestation increase?
A. biomass
B. carbon dioxide
C. oxygen
D. smog
Which is a brownish haze that
forms in the atmosphere when
certain pollutants react in the
presence of sunlight?
A. acid precipitation
B. chemical ash
C. excess carbon dioxide
D. photochemical smog