Chapter 15 Environmental pollution control
15.1 The goal of environmental pollution control
15.2 The types of environmental pollution control
15.3 The comprehensive treatment measures of
environmental pollution
15.4 Case study
15.1 The goal of environmental pollution control
15.1.1 Environmental pollution and its characteristics
 Generally speaking,environmental pollutants is in lower concentration
and long duration
 Environmental pollutants can be changed by the biological or chemical
effect in environment
15.1.2 The goal of environmental pollution control
 Prevent pollutants going to water, atmosphere and soil system
 Restore the use function of natural ecosystem
15.2 The types of environmental pollution control
Concentration control and total amount control
Terminal control and process control
Decentralized control and centralized control
15.3 The comprehensive prevention and control measures
of environmental pollution
15.3.1 Water environmental pollution control
(1) The principle and countermeasures of water
pollution comprehensive prevention and control
(2) Basic methods of water pollution control
Physical method, chemical method, physicochemical
method and biological treatment method
(3) Wastewater reclamation
Under natural
conditions
Aerobic
treatment
Water self
purification
Water self
purification
Natural water and
oxidation ponds
Soil
purification
Wastewater
irrigation
Suspended growth
Activated sludge
and its deformation
Adnate growth
Biological
treatment
Biological filter, Rotating biological contactor,
Contact oxidation, Aerobic biological fluidized blanke
Under natural
conditions
Anaerobic
treatment
High-temperature compost
Anaerobic pond
Suspended growth
Septic tank, Upflow anaerobic sludge blanket
Anaerobic digester
Under artificially
conditions
Adnate growth
Anaerobic biological fluidized blanket
Figure 15－1 The classification method of sewage biological treatment
primary settling tank
aeration tank
secondary sedimentation tank
water-exit
water inflow
air
Backflow sludge
Surplus sludge
Figure 15－2 Basic process of activated sludge process
Figure 15－3 Land treatment system of waste water
(4) The treatment process of waste water
The main task of primary treatment is to remove
suspended solids in sewage, adjust pH valve, reduce
the task of subsequent treatment
The task of secondary treatment is to remove the
dissolved and colloidal organic pollutants
significantly. It is maily used biological method.
The purpose of tertiary treatment is to further
remove the pollutants which are not removed in
secondary treatment.
secondary treatment
Primary treatment
Chemistry, adsorption, ion exchange,
Biological aeration
Grit
chamber
Sediment
ation tank
pool or biological
filter
Second sedimentation
tank
disinfection, equipment
Backflow sludge
Secondary treatment outlet tertiary treatment outlet
Primary treatment outlet
(emissions, irrigation)
Surplus sludge
Primary sludge
wastewater
grille
tertiary treatment
(emissions, irrigation)
Sludge
digestion pool
Sludge
(emissions, reoccupy)
treatment or use
dewatering
Figure 15－4 Typical technological process of Municipal wastewater treatment
（5） Wastewater utilization
The renewed wastewater can be used in industrial water, agricultural
irrigation, urban and groundwater recharge, water treatment.The
affect of recycling and reuse in the entire water cycle is showed in
figure 15-5
Figure 15-5 The effect of water treatment, regeneration and reuse
to water-cycling system
15.3.2 The control of atmospheric environmental
pollution
（1）The comprehensive treatment measures of
atmospheric pollution
（2）Basic method of atmospheric pollution
treatment
 The treatment of particle pollutants
 Treatment technology of gas polutants
Cleaning particulate pollutants is usually used by
duster device .Divided as its main mechanism,there are
mechanical duster, wet duster, filter duster and
electrostatic duster.
Figure 15-6
Structure profile of cyclone precipitator and
spray wet precipitator
Figure 15-7 Operation simplified graph of bag dust collector
The treatment of gas pollutant
Absorption method
Adsorption method
Catalytic conversion process
Combustion method
Condensation method
Biological method
15.3.3 Pollution control of solid waste
（1）The definition and classification of solid waste
（2）The treatment and disposal and utilization principle of solid waste
harmlessness
reduction
resource
（3）The treatment and resource method of solid waste
The treatment and recycling technology of solid waste is mainly
include crushing, sorting, thermochemical processing and
biological treatment.
（4） The final disposal technology of
solid waste
The final disposal method of solid waste can be divided
to land disposal and ocean disposal according to the
sites of waster disposal.
The land disposal is a method based on the land and
the soil layer to dispose the solid, divided into
stockpiling method, land farming method, landfill
method, deep perfusion method etc. The ocean disposal
is to put the solid waster into the ocean by the capacity
of ocean environment and its self-purification capacity.
Figure 15-8 The structural graph of safe landfill
（5）The treatment and disposal methods of hazardous waste
The dangers of hazardous waste is mainly for inflammable,
explosive, toxic, corrosive, radioactive and biological
cumulative etc. The treatment and disposal methods of
hazardous waste are as following
Solidification and wrapping
Incineration
Safe land landfill
15.3.4 Pollution control of soil environment
Pollution prevention measures of soil environment
mainly including:
Strengthen the source control and management of
contaminated soil
Technical measure of soil pollution treatment
Physical improvement
Chemical improvement
Biological improvement
15.3.5 Other physical pollution control
Noise pollution control
Reform the technology, technics and equipments,
reduce noise radiation intensity
Reasonable city planning
Strengthening noise management
The technology to noise control
 Sound absorption: to reduce the nosie by absorbing sound
through sound absorption material or sound absorption
structures
Sound insulation : impeding the noise transmitting to the
space by sound insulation structure, or control the noise in a
certain range.
Sound elimination: reduce propagation of the noise in air by
silencers
Radioactive pollution control
The main measures of radioactive pollution control are
include:
Strengthen the treatment of radioactive waste liquor
Properly handling and disposal of radioactive solid
wastes
The treatment of radioactive waste gas
Waste gas
and liquid
purification
storage
emissions
curing
packaging
storage
transportation proces
sing
Solid
waste
volume reduction
treatment process
Shielding isolation room
Figure 15-9 Basic process of radioactive pollution control
The control of electromagnetic radiation pollution
Reduce the leakage of electromagnetic waves
Adopt effective control measures.
Improve urban planning to achieve region contral
The control of light pollution
Strengthen urban planning and management, rational
arrangement of light source,reduce the source of light
pollution
Safe methods should be taken, such as using movable
barriers surrounding the operating area to prevent the nonoperator from directly exposure in the harmful light source
Take the necessary personal protection, such as wearing
goggles and protective masks which is effective personal
protective measures
The control of heat pollution
Improve thermal energy utilization ratio, reduce
waste heat emissions
Active develop and use clean energy
Comprehensive utilization of waste heat
Increase afforest area
15.4 Case study
Shenzhen Xiaping Landfill
(1) the process of landfill
(2) the treatment process of landfill leachate
(3) the treatment and usage of landfill gas (LFG)
(4) the measure of hygiene management
Spraying cars will spray the pesticides regularly, to kill
the fly, to prevent the spread of bacteria.The sprinkler
will sprinkes water regaularly to prevent the dust flying
in the air and there is car washing equipment, to prevent
polluting the road by the car’s sludge ,control dust, and
also prevent taking pathogens outside.There are fence
around the field to prevent light waster blown outside
causing contamination.
调节池
吹脱
后期达到
厌氧
污泥
填埋场
城市二级
污水处理
厂指标后
A/O 系统
直接排入
混凝
污泥
填埋场
城市污水处理厂
达标排放
Figure 15-10 Technological process of waste leachate treatment
LFG
收集井
汇流中转器
输气管
抽气机（或气泵）
气体净化设备
气体加压机
自动点燃放空
CO2
燃气轮机（或气体内燃机）
发电机
Figure 15-11 Treatment and utilization technology of landfill methane
Thank you