SocDic Conference Long-Term Operation of Landslide Observation System Using ZigBee Modules University of Tsukuba Geo-Sensing Lab Wang Rui Contents 1 2 Geo-Sensing Lab About landslide Landslide observation system 3 About ZigBee 4 Our new system 5 Conclusion About landslide Geo-Sensing Lab What is landslide? A landslide is a geological phenomenon that rocks, earth, or debris flows on slopes due to gravity. Landslide can occur in any kind of terrain given the right conditions of soil, moisture and the angle of slope. Fig1. El Salvador.2001 About landslide Geo-Sensing Lab Landslide in Japan and Indonesia West Java, 2010 Landslide in Japan Landslide observation System is western Sumatra , 2009 very important and strongly needed Fig2. Landslide in Indonesia and Japan Landslide observation System Geo-Sensing Lab Function of the Landslide observation System Landslide monitoring Landslide observation system Effective measures for landslide. Necessary to measure before occurring landslide. Target of measurement Landslide warning Displacement surface of the ground Displacement in the ground Water level in the ground Amount of rainfall Landslide observation System Geo-Sensing Lab Current landslide observation system Wired system Wireless system Fig4. Wireless monitoring system Fig3. Wired monitoring system wired observation system → breaking of wire → high-cost other wireless standards → narrow observation area → Power is problem → If many nodes, high cost Landslide observation System Geo-Sensing Lab Our system Based on ZigBee technology Clinometers Buried Clinometers ZigBee Advantage Water Gauge Fig5. Landslide observation system using ZigBee Fast installation(no drilling is necessary) Higher stability(no cables break) Data transmission is real-time Permanent data transmission and data collection Power saving(ZigBee device sleeping mode) About ZigBee Geo-Sensing Lab What is ZigBee ? ZigBee is a Ad-hoc networking technology Based On IEEE 802.15.4 standard Intended for 2.45 GHz , 868 MHz and 915 MHz Band. Low in cost ,complexity & power consumption Data rates touch 250Kbps for 2.45Ghz, 40 Kbps 915Mhz and 20Kbps for 868Mhz band. Advantage Network capacity Low power consumption Low cost Bought freely Fig6. ZigBee device About ZigBee Name Communication distance Communication speed Network capacity life Application Geo-Sensing Lab Wi-Fi Bluetooth ZigBee 100m 10m 10~100m 11Mbps 1Mbps 250Kbps 32nodes Several hours Wireless LAN 7nodes 65,536nodes Several months Several days or years Instrumentation Wireless Sound control Table1. Comparison with other wireless communication standards Zigbee is especially suitable for instrument measurement and control Geo-Sensing Lab About ZigBee ZigBee Application monitors sensors automation control INDUSTRIAL & COMMERCIAL PERSONAL HEALTH CARE consoles portables educational ZigBee CONSUMER ELECTRONICS LOW DATA-RATE RADIO DEVICES TOYS & GAMES HOME AUTOMATION TV VCR DVD/CD remote PC & PERIPHERALS security HVAC lighting closures Geo-Sensing Lab About ZigBee ZigBee Flexible network topology Star Cluster tree RFD Coodinator FFD FFD RFD wireless wireless Mesh FFD wireless Fig7. Network topology Our new system Geo-Sensing Lab network topology : mesh Fig8. working process Fig9. Network of our system Our new system System component Geo-Sensing Lab GeoSense coodinator EtherNet GeoSense: a. c. Network operations Communicate external device State transition GeoSense Coordinator: Fig9. Outline of system a. GeoSense Coordinator b. Formation of networks Control GeoSense AirSenseWare (software): a. Control GeoSense Coordinator Monitor network Collect and record data b. b. c. AirSenseWare Zigbee NetWork GeoSense Measeument Device Sirial communication GeoSense Fig10. GeoSense Our new system Geo-Sensing Lab Problem using mesh network To work as ZigBee-Router, loss of original power-saving Improve Power-Saving of ZigBee is important for this study GeoSense Coordinator GeoSense Fig10. GeoSense Normal ZigBee device: can not be set into sleeping mode when using mesh network Our laboratory’s ZigBee device(GeoSense): can be set into sleeping mode when using mesh network Our ZigBee system’s working time is much longer. Geo-Sensing Lab Our new system Experiment of Small-Scale System System component AirSense Ware (1) GeoSense Coodinator (1) GeoSense (4) GeoSense with external measurement device(1) Network topology Mesh topology GeoSense GeoSense coodinator MicroComputer Sirial Comunication thermocouple External measurement device wireless EtherNet Fig12. Experiment network Fig11. Small-scale system AirSenseWare Our new system Humidity sensor GeoSense Geo-Sensing Lab Illuminometer Temperature sensor Serial communication connector Triaxial accelerometer H8-3052 Fig13. Implementation and equipment of landslide observation system Get environment data Temperature ,water level , slope Measurement time A day Number of measurement 72 times Case Geo-Sensing Lab Our new system 170 171 175 0.4 加速度_Y [mN] 加速度_X [mN] 0.4 0.2 0.0 -0.2 170 171 175 0.6 0.2 0.0 -0.2 -0.4 -0.4 -0.6 -0.6 170 171 175 5 4 加速度_Z [mN] 0.6 3 2 1 0 -1 -2 -3 -4 時間(HH:MM) 時間(HH:MM) 170 171 110 100 温度[℃] 相対湿度[%] 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 14:52 15:21 15:50 時間(HH:MM) 16:19 -5 14:52 15:21 15:50 16:19 16:48 17:16 17:45 18:14 14:52 15:21 15:50 16:19 16:48 17:16 17:45 18:14 時間(HH:MM) 170 171 アメダス 22 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 13:5514:2414:5215:2115:5016:1916:4817:1617:4518:1418:43 500 時間(HH:MM) 300 200 100 0 14:52 15:21 15:50 16:19 16:48 17:16 17:45 18:14 時間(HH:MM) Fig14. Accumulated environmental data 170 171 175 400 照度[lx] 14:52 15:21 15:50 16:19 16:48 17:16 17:45 18:14 Measure three times per hour properly Confirmed the power saving function works properly Get various environment data ,such as temperature and water level , slope , etc to change sensor Our new system Geo-Sensing Lab Conclusion Landslide observation system is very useful for both Japan and Indonesia. ZigBee is much suitable for Landslide observation system GeoSense can be set into sleeping mode when using mesh network. It is more power-saving. Many types of data can be obtained for landslide early warning Geo-Sensing Lab