Plan for Energy Efficiency of Buildings in the Black
Sea Region
BSBEEP
Activity 2.3 – Calculation of the CarbonFootprint
(CF) on municipal level
Lucian Georgescu – external expert
Municipality of Galati
Romania
Carbon Footprint Study
Principles
Definition : "carbon footprint represents the life cycle of GHG emissions caused by the production
of goods and services consumed by a population or activity geographically defined, whether if
GHG emissions occur inside or outside the geographical boundaries of the population or
interest activities." (Larsen & Hertwich, 2009, p. 792)
It is proposed to analyze the carbon footprint just for existing buildings in the city.
GHG emissions from production and consumption perspective
Methodologies of Carbon Footprint
calculation (1)
Methodologies of Carbon Footprint
calculation (2)
Environmental input-output analysis Expanded
The analysis EEIO emissions reported are related to input-output tables, allowing for direct emissions
caused by the production of an entity (product / services) and indirect emissions of its suppliers.
Analysis of life-cycle assessment (LCA PA)
Life cycle assessment is based on a process of analysis with a bottom-up approach to assess the
environmental impact of individual products manufactured from the beginning to the end of product
life.
Hybrid analysis of type IO-LCA
Category :
- tiered hybrid analysis - based on important processes and input - output monetary;
- hybrid analysis based on input-output - important processes are studied by means of input - output
monetary data;
- integrated hybrid analysis - system based process is represented in physical units, while the Input Output in monetary units
As its major advantage, the hybrid approach enables IOA and PA-LCA to complement
each other in the same project.
Standardization and their application scale
Greenhouse Gas accounting standards on different scales
of application (Wu, W. 2011).
Emission factor for electricity consumption
Formula used for emission factor is:
EFE = [(TCE - LPE - GEP) * NEEFE + CO2LPE + CO2GEP] / ( TCE )
Where:
• EFE = local emission factor for electricity [t/MWhe]
• TCE = Total electricity consumption in the local authority [MWhe]
• LPE = Local electricity production [MWhe]
• GEP = Green electricity purchases by the local authority [MWhe]
• NEEFE = National or European emission factor for electricity [t/MWhe]
• CO2LPE = CO2 emissions due to the local production of electricity [t]
• CO2GEP = CO2 emissions due to the production of certified green electricity [t]
In the exceptional case where the local authority would be a net exporter of electricity, then
the calculation formula would be:
EFE = ( CO2LPE + CO2GEP ) / ( LPE + GEP)
The emission factors for heat/cold
consumption
Formula used for emission factor is:
EFH = (CO2LPH + CO2IH – CO2EH) / LHC
Where:
• EFH = emission factor for heat [t/MWhheat]
• CO2LPH = CO2 emissions due to the local production of heat [t]
• CO2IH = CO2 emissions related to any imported heat from outside
the territory of the local authority [t]
• CO2EH = CO2 emissions related to any heat that is exported outside
of the territory of the local authority [t]
• LHC = local heat consumption [MWh heat]
A similar formula may apply for cold.
7
Mathematical Model Proposed for BSBEEP
To realize mathematical models, have been studied methodologies presented in UNEP report (United
Nation Enviromental Programe) and in those proposed by CM (Covenant of mayors). For the
modeling separation, it has been used a color code: for the industrial sector (purple color) and for
domestic/private sector (blue color).
Thus, it has been realized 2 mathematical models that can be applied at city/municipality level on various
sectors at certain resource consumptions (electricity, heat, fuel consumption), as follows:
Electricity
Industrial sector
LCA Method
IO Method
Domestic/Private sector
LCA Method
IO Method
Heat
Industrial sector
LCA Method
National Standard
Domestic/Private sector
LCA Method
National Standard
The results of these models (LCA and IO) should be gathered and made an average of
them, according to the methodology applied at a city level. This value resulted from
the summing up, represents the final result, in order to estimate the carbon
footprint of the city due to electricity consumption of industrial sector or
domestic/private sector.
Conclusions Studies
After may 2014
City A
City B
City C
City D
City E
9
Final Results
Expected results after the implementation of recommendations
made ​in the project studies
City A
City B
City C
City D
City E
Thank you for your attention!