CONFINED SPACE ENTRY TRAINING Presented by: UM-Flint Environment,Health and Safety Department University of Michigan - Flint 1 Training Outline What is a confined space? General overview of UM-Flint’s CSE program Evaluation/Control of Atmospheric Hazards Elimination/Control of Other Hazards Entry Procedures » (General, Hazardous & Hot Work entry permits) Evacuation & Rescue Discussion of CS Scenarios & related equip. Working w/ Contractors Video “Life & Death Series CSE” University of Michigan - Flint 2 Training Goal Refresh and update employees knowledge of CSE procedures Discuss roles/responsibilities Familiarize new employees with the UMF confined spaces, associated hazards and entry procedures. Provide employees with guidelines to: » Identify confined spaces » Evaluate confined spaces » Enter confined spaces in accordance with MIOSHA regulations and UM guidelines. Discuss concerns or non-routine entries. University of Michigan - Flint 3 Confined Space Entry Program Prevent Unauthorized Entry Identify Permit Space Hazards Develop & Follow Safe Entry Procedures (use entry permit as guide) Conclude Entry (close out permit) Coordinate Entry Operations between University departments as well as with non-University agencies i.e. FFD, MPC Program Evaluation & Review/Revise University of Michigan - Flint 4 Section 1: What is a Confined Space? A space that meets ALL THREE of the following criteria: 1. 2. 3. Has limited means of entry or exit. Is large enough for a person to enter and perform work. Is not designed for continuous human occupancy. Employer must evaluate a space based on the Definition…. NOT on whether or not you may enter the space (per MIOSHA) University of Michigan - Flint 5 Types of Confined Spaces Non-permit required Permit required » General permit … c(5) or c(7) entry » Hazardous permit » Hot Work University of Michigan - Flint 6 Non-Permit Required Meets confined space definition, and Has adequate ventilation, and Does not contain any hazards that can cause death or harm, and There is absolutely no potential for a hazardous atmosphere. University of Michigan - Flint 7 Permit Required Meets confined space definition and » limited means of entry or exit. » large enough for a person to enter and work. » Is not designed for continuous occupancy. Has inadequate ventilation, or Has a hazardous health or safety condition, or » (i.e. engulfment; internal configuration that could trap/asphyxiate; converging wall, sloped/taper floor; entrapment; exposed electrical/mechanical parts, etc.) Has a known or potential hazardous atmosphere. University of Michigan - Flint 8 Confined Space Evaluation Is it a confined space? Is it a permit required confined space? What hazards are present? Source? Can hazards be eliminated? Controlled? What type of permit is required? What procedures/equipment will be used to protect the entrants? Use UM-f Space Evaluation form… University of Michigan - Flint 9 UM Evaluation Form CONFINED SPACE EVALUATION FORM SPACE LOCATION: ___________________________________________________________ SPACE DESCRIPTION: ________________________________________________________ Complete this form for any space which may be considered a confined space. A confined space is defined as having those characteristics listed in #1 through #3 below. YES NO 1. Is the space large enough and shaped so employee can enter and work? YES NO 2. Does the space have a limited or restricted means for entry or exit? YES NO 3. Is the space is NOT designed for continuous employee occupancy? If questions #1 through #3 above are "YES", then the space is a confined space. Continue to questions A through E below to determine if and what type of permit is required to enter. YES NO A. Does the space contain, or have a known potential to contain, a hazardous atmosphere (for example, flammable vapors, toxic gases or dusts, etc.), or pipes, ducts, vents or other entry points for potentially hazardous substances, or will volatile chemicals be used, or will painting or other work that could create a breathing hazard be done? Specify potential or known hazards: ___________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ YES NO B. Does the space contain a material with the potential for engulfment of a worker (for example, grain, sand or water)? Specify potential or known hazards: ___________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ YES NO C. Does the space have an internal shape such that a worker could be trapped or suffocated by inwardly converging walls, floor or ceiling? Specify potential or known hazards: ___________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ YES NO D. Does the space contain other recognized safety or health hazards, such as: (check all that apply) ___ mechanical hazards; ___ exposed or vulnerable electrical wires or energized equipment; ___ restrictive entrance or exit for entrants with their work equipment; ___ special hazards related to elevation or falling; or ___ possible impediments to rescue efforts? Specify potential or known hazards: ___________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ YES NO E. Will welding, cutting, torch work, or other hot work be done? Specify potential or known hazards: ___________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ If you answered NO to all questions A through E, then the space is a Non-Permit Require Confined Space. If you answered Yes to question A, then a Hazardous Entry Permit with on-site rescue is required.* If you answered Yes to question B, then a General Entry Permit with retrieval system is required. If you answered Yes to question C or D, then a General Entry Permit is required. If you answered Yes to question E, then a Hot Work Entry Permit is required. *A General Entry Permit with off-site rescue may be used, if the space is continuously ventilated and monitored. Name: ___________________________ Signature: __________________________________ Department: __________________________________________________________________ Please return this form to OSEH, CSSB, 1239 Kipke, Box 1010. Refer questions to OSEH at 747-1142. cseval2.doc University of Michigan - Flint 4/10/96 10 Types of Permits General Entry Permit Hazardous Entry Permit Hot Work Entry Permit University of Michigan - Flint 11 Confined Space Entry Permit University of Michigan - Flint 12 Confined Space? University of Michigan - Flint 13 Confined Space? University of Michigan - Flint 14 Confined Space? University of Michigan - Flint 15 What Type of Permit? University of Michigan - Flint 16 Confined Space? University of Michigan - Flint 17 Campus Utility Tunnels UMF utility tunnels are not considered confined spaces because: » Ventilated and lighted » Designed for human occupancy » Not generally hazardous However, caution must be taken when performing work in tunnels » Buddy system, radio communications/notifications, other regulations do apply… could be upgraded. AA-OSEH is developing a new Tunnel Safety Program… many of AA’s tunnels are CS. University of Michigan - Flint 18 Section 2: Atmospheric Hazards How Chemicals Enter Body Acute and Chronic Effects Exposure Limits Identifying Atmospheric Hazards UEL/LEL Vapor Density University of Michigan - Flint 19 Routes of Entry Skin Absorption Inhalation Ingestion Injection University of Michigan - Flint 20 Health Effects Acute » immediate or short term effect Chronic » delayed or long term effect University of Michigan - Flint 21 Warning Signs Dizziness/Disorientation Weakness in knees/abnormal breathing Blurred vision/profuse sweating Chest pains/headaches Loss of coordination/ringing in ears Skin irritation/irregular heartbeat Lethargy or excitedness University of Michigan - Flint 22 What is an Atmospheric Hazard? Oxygen >23.5% or <19.5% Flammables at >10% LEL Above OSHA/MIOSHA PEL IDLH Combustible Dusts Unknown chemical spill University of Michigan - Flint 23 Sources of Hazardous Atmospheres Spaces with known hazardous chemicals/substances Spaces that lack ventilation Spaces that have the potential to transfer a hazardous atmosphere Spaces with a work induced hazardous atmosphere University of Michigan - Flint 24 Permissible Exposure Limits OSHA 8 Hour TWA STEL Ceiling Limit Contact EHS for monitoring of contaminants not monitored for by standard meters University of Michigan - Flint 25 Oxygen Deficient Atmosphere <19.5% Sources: work induced, rusting, gases that displace oxygen Simple Asphyxiants: Displace oxygen (carbon dioxide, nitrogen, argon) Chemical Asphyxiant: Prevent body from using oxygen (carbon monoxide) University of Michigan - Flint 26 Oxygen Enriched Atmosphere 23.0% or Greater Sources: Welding, or oxygen gas lines Increase fire and explosion hazard Never use oxygen to ventilate space University of Michigan - Flint 27 Vapors and Gases Vapor: Gaseous state of material normally found as liquid or solid at normal temperature and pressure Gas: Material that is found as a formless fluid at normal temperature and pressure University of Michigan - Flint 28 LEL/LFL and UEL/UFL LEL: Lowest concentration can ignite UEL: Highest Concentration can ignite Example: Gasoline LEL 1%, UEL 8% In between is explosive Consideration: Atmosphere above the UEL, when ventilated may create an explosive atmosphere University of Michigan - Flint 29 LEL Safety Factor OSHA: 10% of LEL or Greater Example: LEL for Methane is 5% Meter alarm at 10% of 5% (i.e., 0.5%) If exceeded (meter alarms), leave the space and Contact supervisor and EHS. University of Michigan - Flint 30 Combustible Dusts Metal Powders - Aluminum, Magnesium, Zinc Wood Products - Dust, Paper Rubber/Plastic/Spices/Food Products Rule of Thumb - Obscure Vision 5 Feet or Less –high potential for combustion given the right conditions. University of Michigan - Flint 31 Toxic or Poisonous Atmospheres Most Common: » Carbon Monoxide (CO) » Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) » Methane (CH4) » Carbon Dioxide (CO2) University of Michigan - Flint 32 Carbon Monoxide (CO) Colorless, odorless & tasteless Product incomplete combustion Causes chemical asphyxiation Slightly lighter than air MIOSHA PEL 35 PPM, OSHA PEL 50 PPM University of Michigan - Flint 33 Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) Rotten egg odor Petroleum/Organic matter decay Found in sewers or petroleum holding tanks <10 PPM University of Michigan - Flint 34 Methane (CH4) Colorless, odorless & flammable Petroleum/Organic matter decay Lighter than air Meter alarms – 10% of LEL University of Michigan - Flint 35 Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Colorless, odorless & tasteless Byproduct of respiration and complete combustion Heavier than air University of Michigan - Flint 36 Other Atmospheric Hazards Materials in the space Work induced hazards (e.g., welding, painting, solvents) Review history of space Contact EHS if other contaminants are suspected University of Michigan - Flint 37 Vapor Density Heavier than Air: Sinks Lighter than Air: Rises Air Vapor density = 1 <1 Lighter, >1 Heavier Most contaminants are heavier than air The few that are lighter, are usually flammable and very toxic University of Michigan - Flint 38 Section 3: Evaluation & Control of Atmospheric Hazards Air Monitoring Equipment and Procedures Ventilating, Flushing or Purging PPE – only after engineer controls University of Michigan - Flint 39 Air Monitoring Contaminants may not be detected by sight or smell Two Types of Direct Reading: » Electronic – Bacharach 4-gas monitor » Detector Tubes – Drager pump Always monitor for oxygen, LEL and expected toxics (CO, H2S) University of Michigan - Flint 40 BACHARACH Sentinel 44 UM-F’s Four Gas Monitor - Sentinel 44 % Oxygen, % LEL, Carbon Monoxide (PPM), H2S (PPM) Alarms: » O2 - <19.5% or > 23.0%, » LEL - > 10%, » CO - >35 ppm » H2S - >10 ppm University of Michigan - Flint 41 Air Monitoring Precautions Alarm Goes Off – leave the space, contact EHS and supervisor Other contaminants known or suspected, contact EHS for monitoring assistance University of Michigan - Flint 42 Air Monitoring Procedure Ensure monitor has been calibrated Turn monitor on and let warm up Verify monitor is functioning properly Zero sensors in clean ambient airoutside the CS Keep sensor heads exposed Test space before opening the hatch Monitor for oxygen first… University of Michigan - Flint 43 Air Monitoring - Testing Order University of Michigan - Flint 44 Air Monitoring (continued) Monitor every four feet Monitor vertically & horizontally Record results on permit Before work, periodically during work, and after breaks Continuously monitor – confidence tone or ”beep” University of Michigan - Flint 45 Air Monitoring Limitations Sensors must be calibrated and replaced periodically – Contact EHS LEL sensor needs oxygen to work LEL sensor is calibrated for one gas -Methane Sensors can take up to 2 minutes to accurately display concentrations Some gases and RF emissions interfere with sensor accuracy University of Michigan - Flint 46 Flushing/Purging of Space Lock Out/Tag Out Feeds Can use air, steam, water, etc. Removes chemical or decomposition hazards Drain or pump out Ventilate with fresh air when complete University of Michigan - Flint 47 Ventilation Natural Mechanical (General or Local) » portable/intrinsically safe Air monitoring determines adequate ventilation University of Michigan - Flint 48 General Ventilating Technique Perform air monitoring Extend duct into space Open all access points Keep duct as short/straight as possible Ensure intake is at clean air source Ventilate 15 minutes prior to entry Continue air monitoring University of Michigan - Flint 49 Local Exhaust Ventilation Work induced contaminants Space has acceptable atmosphere prior to work Place duct opening at point of generation (air is pulled out of space) University of Michigan - Flint 50 Ventilating Safety Measures Ventilate with fresh air Never use pure oxygen Use explosion proof equipment if needed Make sure exhaust air is not re-entrained Make sure supply air is reaching all areas of the space Use air monitoring to determine adequate ventilation Don't block exit with equipment University of Michigan - Flint 51 Section 4: Recognition & Control of Other Hazards Engulfment, Entrapment, Configuration Other Hazards and their Control University of Michigan - Flint 52 Engulfment Liquid or Solid Suffocation or Drowning CONTROL Elimination or Isolation of hazard On-site remote retrieval rescue equipment such as the Miller tripod w/ harness and or wristlet/anklets) University of Michigan - Flint 53 Engulfment Hazard! University of Michigan - Flint 54 Entrapment/Configuration Inwardly converging walls Floor which slopes downward and tapers to a small cross section Obstacles, blockages or small internal openings CONTROL On-site remote retrieval rescue equipment such as the Miller tripod w/ harness and or wristlet/anklets) University of Michigan - Flint 55 Entrapment/Configuration Hazard University of Michigan - Flint 56 Electrical & Mechanical Hazards Use Lock-out/Tag-out Procedures prior to entry Isolate moving parts Assure equipment grounding / GFCI’s University of Michigan - Flint 57 Chemical Hazards Toxics, Flammables, Irritants, Sensitizers, etc. CONTROL: Read MSDSs Understand Physical/Health hazards Remove/ Isolate the source, ventilation Wear appropriate PPE University of Michigan - Flint 58 PPE Gloves Glasses/goggles/face shields Coveralls or Tyvek suits Safety Shoes Hard hats Respirators University of Michigan - Flint 59 Gloves Select based on hazard Latex - general protection Nitrile/neoprene - chemical resistant Kevlar - cut/puncture resistant University of Michigan - Flint 60 Respirators Air Purifying Half or full mask. Filters and cartridges are for specific atmospheric hazards. Not for IDLH or oxygen deficient atmospheres. SCBA for IDLH conditions and not permitted for UMF employees’ » Escape packs not used for re-entry Respiratory Protection Program & Medical Monitoring is required. University of Michigan - Flint 61 Heat Stress & Cold Stress HEAT Dehydration Heat Rash Heat Fatigue Heat Cramps Heat Exhaustion Heat Stroke University of Michigan - Flint COLD Frost Bite Hypothermia CONTROLS: Mechanical Ventilation Fans, Heaters, Air Conditioners 62 Noise AL: 85 dBA PEL: 90 dBA Communication is difficult CONTROLS: Remove or isolate the source Wear Hearing Protection Other means of communication University of Michigan - Flint 63 Slips, Trips & Falls Good housekeeping practices Fall Protection Tie off ladders Hard hats & slip resistant soles Lower/raise equipment by rope. Don't carry on ladders Barriers around openings University of Michigan - Flint 64 Power Tools and Lighting Tools are grounded & insulated Insulating blankets when arc welding on metal Equipment grounding/GFCI’s Provide adequate lighting. Grounding & spark hazards of portable lighting Tools & lighting should be explosion proof when necessary University of Michigan - Flint 65 Section 5: Entry Procedures Employee roles Proper procedures for general, hot work & hazardous entry permits University of Michigan - Flint 66 Employee Roles Attendant (spotter) Authorized Employee (entrant) Entry Supervisor Rescue Personnel » DPS & Flint Fire, or » Contract CSE Rescue team i.e. MPC » IDLH conditions require On site rescue team EHS – On-site for Hazardous entry University of Michigan - Flint 67 Entry Procedures Evaluate the space/ Identify hazards Pre-entry briefing Inform DPS Isolate/control hazards Perform air monitoring Complete, sign and post permit Monitor entrants Exit space and close out permit Debriefing Return completed/closed permit to EHS University of Michigan - Flint 68 Pre-Entry Briefing Use the Evaluation Form and Permit to walk through the evaluation process Discuss with supervisor to consider previous entries and history of the space Review of conditions, controls, procedures & contingencies Determine whether or not on-site rescue team is required… contact EHS. University of Michigan - Flint 69 Pre-Entry Checklist (just before entry) Inform DPS & EHS Atmospheric monitoring Inspect and test equipment prior to use Communication procedures Rescue/emergency procedures Review space use history Verify training Supervisor verify safe entry conditions, etc. Sign & post permit University of Michigan - Flint 70 Non-Permit Required Confined Space Meets definition of confined space, but no health or safety hazard Two employees (buddy system) Means of communication Can be re-classified to a permit required space for work induced hazards… i.e. use of chemicals/solvents, welding, etc. Examples: ceiling spaces, University of Michigan - Flint 71 General Permit Required Confined Space Meets definition of a confined space and has a potential or known health or safety hazard Atmospheric hazard eliminated by ventilation Two Authorized Employees (One Designated as Entry Supervisor) University of Michigan - Flint 72 General Entry Permits Pre-entry Briefing Communication Continuous Air Monitoring/Ventilation Trained (Authorized) Employees Elimination of hazards PPE Off-site Rescue University of Michigan - Flint 73 Hot Work Entry Permit Welding, burning, cutting or torch work Provisions same as in general permit If contaminants cannot be controlled by ventilation & air monitoring: Retrieval System and On-site Rescue must be used University of Michigan - Flint 74 Hazardous Entry Permit Cannot eliminate atmospheric hazard Provisions of General Permit Plus: » EHS Representative On Site, » On-site Rescue and Retrieval System Mandatory University of Michigan - Flint 75 Section 6: Evacuation & Rescue When to Evacuate the Space Rescue Procedures University of Michigan - Flint 76 When should the Confined Space be evacuated? Hazardous atmosphere » Alarm on monitor » Overexposure symptoms of entrants Unanticipated health or safety hazard Damage to PPE or failure of controls Attendant cannot perform duties Permit expires University of Michigan - Flint 77 Rescue If Entrant Becomes Incapacitated Three Types: » Remote (retrieval system) » Off-site (Contact DPS 911 & FFD) » On-site (MPC/ Contract on-site rescue team & DPS) Under No Circumstances is Attendant/Spotter to enter the space University of Michigan - Flint 78 Spotter, Retrieval System, & On-site Rescue Team (MPC) First call DPS on the radio. If injured due to causes not related to environment/atmosphere-Wait for Fire Dept. If injured due to environment or atmosphere, then use remote/on-site rescue, if possible. University of Michigan - Flint 79 Spotter, Retrieval System & Off-Site Rescue Personnel Contact DPS on radio If injury due to causes not related to the environment/atmosphere-Wait for Fire Dept. If injured due to environment or atmosphere - use retrieval equipment If retrieval fails - Wait for Fire Dept. If unsure - Wait for Fire Dept. University of Michigan - Flint 80 Spotter & Off-Site Rescue Contact DPS on by radio Wait for Fire Dept. University of Michigan - Flint 81 Section 7: Miscellaneous Contractors UMF Confined Space related documents Future drills and exercises University of Michigan - Flint 82 Outside Contractors Inform the contractor of confined spaces Identify spaces they may be entering, and respective hazards Must have own Confined Space Entry Program and employee training current. Coordinate with other workers. Each group entering space issues a separate permit. Work activities cannot conflict. EHS is available to review contractor’s program. University of Michigan - Flint 83 Review UMF CSE Documents Evaluation form Entry Permit Contractor Notification Revised List of UMF Confined Spaces UMF/UMAA Confined Space program MI Part 90 Confined Space Entry Regulations University of Michigan - Flint 84