Institutional Framework for Disaster Risk Management in Nepal Jhanka Nath Dhakal Under Secretary, Chief of NEOC Ministry of Home Affairs, Nepal Presentation Outline 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Nepal's disaster Profile overview Existing Policy Instruments National Strategy on Disaster Risk Management 2009 National Disaster Response Framework 2013 Sectoral Policies on Disaster Risk Reduction Disaster Preparedness and Response Planning National Emergency Operation Center (NEOC) Challenges Way forward Physiographic Zone Nepal is disaster prone due to • Difficult Geological Terrain, • Poor construction practices, Unplanned settlement Cultivation of unsuitable land 8848 Meter 70 Meter 4 Disaster prone due to … Unplanned settlement Disaster prone due to … Cultivation of unsuitable land Disaster prone due to …. Poor construction practices Photo Kushal Goya Disaster prone … Seismic Hazard Bam (>40,000) Kashmir (>80,000) Wenchuan (>70,000) Kathmandu Bhuj Collision of Euro Asian Plates and Indian Plates by 3 mm per year, History of Nepal by J. Whelpton Existing Policy Instruments I. Natural Calamity (Relief ) Act, 1982 II. National Strategy for DRM 2009 III. National Disaster Response Framework, 2013 IV. Several Sectoral Policies (Line Ministries, Depart, NPC) V. Disaster Victims Relief Standards, 2006 VI. Disaster Preparedness and Response Plan in all Districts VII. National Disaster Management Act (working) Natural Calamity Act, 1982 Provision for Arranging relief operations and protecting the lives and properties Relief Operations: – – – – Coordinate for all relief works in the area affected Coordinate for rehabilitation of disaster victims Protection of life and property of people Preparation and adoption of preventive measures Institutional Arrangement (Acc to DM Ac 1982) Cabinet (Policy, Budget, Emergency Declaration) Central Natural Disaster Rescue Committee (Home Minister-Chaired -3 Ministries -38 members (Coordination, Response, Rescue, Relief) Regional Natural Disaster Rescue Committee Regional Administer chaired the committee \ District Disaster Rescue Committee Chief District Officer chaired (program Execution, SAR & responses) Rescue and Treatment SubCommittee Chaired by Minister of Health and Population Supply, Shelter and Rehabilitation Sub-Committee Chaired by Minister of Urban Developmet National Structure for Disaster Response Cabinet Central Natural Disaster Relief Committee Supply, Shelter and Rehabilitation Sub Committee NEOC Regional Disaster Relief Committee District Disaster Relief Committee Local Disaster Relief Committee Relief and Treatment Sub Committee National Strategy for Disaster Risk Management 2009 Main Features: • Integration of DRR into sectoral development planning • Develop and strengthen institutional mechanism and capacities to build resilient communities • Systematic incorporation of different approaches into Emergency Preparedness, Response and Recovery programs • Follow one-window policy and cluster approach • Work with participation and coordination • Ensure life safety and social security • Emphasize gender and social inclusion • Adopt decentralized implementation • Follow a holistic approach National Disaster Response Framework (NDRF) 2013 Key Features • • • • • • Roles and Responsibilities of Ministries, Departments, UN Agencies, Red Cross Movements, I/NGOs, Civil Sectors etc; Integration of International Assistance into the National Response; Response Preparedness for Disaster situation from all the concerned agencies and humanitarian partners (49 Strategic Action Plans); Identified Actions in post disaster situations (0-24 hrs, 72 hrs, 7 days, 2 weeks, one month); Suggested coordination mechanisms; National System for Disaster Response; Several Sectoral Policies on DRR • • • • • • • • • • Soil and water conservation act 1982 National shelter policies 1996 National action plan 1996, Environmental protection act 1996 Hyogo framework for action 2005‐2015 Water induced disaster policy 2005 National water plan 2005 NAPA –six government led thematic working groupone of them is disaster risk reduction Three year plan 2012‐2015 Different Line Ministries Action Plans Disaster Preparedness and Response Planning • Key Achievements and ongoing preparedness Planning (below in Way Forwards and also from Ram Luetel’s presentation –UN OCHA) • Nepal Risk Reduction Consortium (details from Flagship 2 Coordinator–Mr. Bernd) The Ministry of Home Affairs … The Ministry of Home Affairs (MoHA) is designated as the lead agency responsible for …… Chair Central Natural Disaster Rescue Committee (CNDRC) and execute the decisions through line ministries and partners The Ministry has Disaster Management Division and responsible to the decisions of CNDRC; the division has three sections: i. Disaster Risk Reduction and recovery, ii. Study and Research section iii. Preparedness and Response (NEOC) Role of NEOC in different Phase of DM Normal Phase(Preparedn ess & IM) Alert Phase Recovery Phase (Coordinate Early Recovery efforts) Response Phase (leads coordination and communication for response) (keep alerts agencies and authorities for an imminent emergency) NEOC House Security officers Setting wireless equipment Communication Room Meeting Room NEOC Ministry of Home Affairs Location of NEOC Building Communication Links between NEOC and other different Institutions Armed Police Force Nepal Army Nepal Police CAAN Current lines of communication UN NRCS RC&RC NEOC MNCC Potential lines of communication Challenges • Preparedness 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Mainstreaming DRR into the National & Local Planning Enforcement of Building Code Risk Sensitive Land Use Planning Evacuation Site Management Warehousing and Stockpiling for Pre-Positioning Relief Items Dead Body and Debris Management • Response 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. Urban Search and Rescue Emergency Fire Services Emergency Health Services Supply of Public Utilities Communication and Transportation System/Air Coordination and Information Dissemination Way Forward 1. Preparing for new Disaster Management Act covering all phases of disasters 2. More focus on Preparedness and Mitigation 3. Mobilization of Stakeholders, including private sector and Resources 4. Expedite the National Risk reduction Consortium (5 flagship programs) 5. Implement National Disaster Response Framework 6. Guidelines for Common assessment tools (IRA, MIRA, cluster specific details and PDNA) 7. Risk and Hazard mapping in the country 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. Way Forward Deputation of staffs 24/7 for effective operation NEOC, DEOC and others Finalization of NEOC SOPs and testing through simulation exercise To implement NSDRM 2009 in an effective , efficient and collaborative way To enact New Disaster Management Act in line with NSDRM 2009 and disaster management regulation Mainstreaming Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) into national and local level planning, implementation, monitoring and evaluation frameworks National Disaster Response Framework - 49 Action plan Strengthening sub-regional, regional and international cooperation and collaboration: SDMC, ADPC, ADMC and UNISDR