Institutional Framework for Disaster
Risk Management in Nepal
Jhanka Nath Dhakal
Under Secretary, Chief of NEOC
Ministry of Home Affairs, Nepal
Presentation Outline
1.
2.
3.
4.
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6.
7.
8.
9.
Nepal's disaster Profile overview
Existing Policy Instruments
National Strategy on Disaster Risk Management 2009
National Disaster Response Framework 2013
Sectoral Policies on Disaster Risk Reduction
Disaster Preparedness and Response Planning
National Emergency Operation Center (NEOC)
Challenges
Way forward
Physiographic Zone
Nepal is disaster prone due to
• Difficult Geological Terrain,
• Poor construction practices,
Unplanned settlement
Cultivation of unsuitable land
8848 Meter
70 Meter
4
Disaster prone due to …
Unplanned settlement
Disaster prone due to …
Cultivation of unsuitable land
Disaster prone due to ….
Poor construction practices
Photo Kushal Goya
Disaster prone …
Seismic Hazard
Bam (>40,000)
Kashmir (>80,000)
Wenchuan (>70,000)
Kathmandu
Bhuj
Collision of Euro Asian Plates and Indian
Plates by 3 mm per year, History of Nepal by J.
Whelpton
Existing Policy Instruments
I.
Natural Calamity (Relief ) Act, 1982
II.
National Strategy for DRM 2009
III.
National Disaster Response Framework, 2013
IV.
Several Sectoral Policies (Line Ministries, Depart, NPC)
V.
Disaster Victims Relief Standards, 2006
VI.
Disaster Preparedness and Response Plan in all Districts
VII.
National Disaster Management Act (working)
Natural Calamity Act, 1982
Provision for
Arranging relief operations and protecting the
lives and properties
Relief Operations:
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–
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Coordinate for all relief works in the area affected
Coordinate for rehabilitation of disaster victims
Protection of life and property of people
Preparation and adoption of preventive measures
Institutional Arrangement
(Acc to DM Ac 1982)
Cabinet
(Policy, Budget, Emergency Declaration)
Central Natural Disaster Rescue Committee
(Home Minister-Chaired -3 Ministries -38 members
(Coordination, Response, Rescue, Relief)
Regional Natural Disaster Rescue Committee
Regional Administer chaired the committee
\
District Disaster Rescue Committee
Chief District Officer chaired
(program Execution, SAR & responses)
Rescue and Treatment SubCommittee
Chaired by Minister of
Health and Population
Supply, Shelter and
Rehabilitation Sub-Committee
Chaired by Minister of Urban
Developmet
National Structure for Disaster Response
Cabinet
Central Natural Disaster Relief
Committee
Supply, Shelter and
Rehabilitation Sub
Committee
NEOC
Regional Disaster Relief
Committee
District Disaster Relief
Committee
Local Disaster Relief
Committee
Relief and Treatment Sub
Committee
National Strategy for Disaster Risk Management
2009
Main Features:
• Integration of DRR into sectoral development planning
• Develop and strengthen institutional mechanism and
capacities to build resilient communities
• Systematic incorporation of different approaches into
Emergency Preparedness, Response and Recovery
programs
• Follow one-window policy and cluster approach
• Work with participation and coordination
• Ensure life safety and social security
• Emphasize gender and social inclusion
• Adopt decentralized implementation
• Follow a holistic approach
National Disaster Response Framework
(NDRF) 2013
Key Features
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Roles and Responsibilities of Ministries, Departments, UN
Agencies, Red Cross Movements, I/NGOs, Civil Sectors etc;
Integration of International Assistance into the National
Response;
Response Preparedness for Disaster situation from all the
concerned agencies and humanitarian partners (49 Strategic
Action Plans);
Identified Actions in post disaster situations (0-24 hrs, 72 hrs, 7
days, 2 weeks, one month);
Suggested coordination mechanisms;
National System for Disaster Response;
Several Sectoral Policies on DRR
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Soil and water conservation act 1982
National shelter policies 1996
National action plan 1996,
Environmental protection act 1996
Hyogo framework for action 2005‐2015
Water induced disaster policy 2005
National water plan 2005
NAPA –six government led thematic working groupone of them is disaster risk reduction
Three year plan 2012‐2015
Different Line Ministries Action Plans
Disaster Preparedness and Response Planning
• Key Achievements and ongoing
preparedness Planning (below in
Way Forwards and also from Ram
Luetel’s presentation –UN OCHA)
• Nepal Risk Reduction Consortium
(details from Flagship 2
Coordinator–Mr. Bernd)
The Ministry of Home Affairs …
The Ministry of Home Affairs (MoHA) is designated as
the lead agency responsible for ……
 Chair Central Natural Disaster Rescue Committee (CNDRC)
and execute the decisions through line ministries and partners
 The Ministry has Disaster Management Division and
responsible to the decisions of CNDRC; the division has three
sections:
i.
Disaster Risk Reduction and recovery,
ii. Study and Research section
iii. Preparedness and Response (NEOC)
Role of NEOC in different Phase of DM
Normal
Phase(Preparedn
ess & IM)
Alert Phase
Recovery
Phase
(Coordinate Early
Recovery efforts)
Response
Phase
(leads
coordination and
communication
for response)
(keep alerts
agencies and
authorities for an
imminent
emergency)
NEOC House
Security officers Setting
wireless equipment
Communication Room
Meeting
Room
NEOC
Ministry of Home Affairs
Location of NEOC Building
Communication Links between NEOC and other
different Institutions
Armed
Police
Force
Nepal
Army
Nepal
Police
CAAN
Current lines of
communication
UN
NRCS
RC&RC
NEOC
MNCC
Potential lines
of
communication
Challenges
• Preparedness
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Mainstreaming DRR into the National & Local Planning
Enforcement of Building Code
Risk Sensitive Land Use Planning
Evacuation Site Management
Warehousing and Stockpiling for Pre-Positioning Relief Items
Dead Body and Debris Management
• Response
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12.
Urban Search and Rescue
Emergency Fire Services
Emergency Health Services
Supply of Public Utilities
Communication and Transportation System/Air
Coordination and Information Dissemination
Way Forward
1. Preparing for new Disaster Management Act covering all
phases of disasters
2. More focus on Preparedness and Mitigation
3. Mobilization of Stakeholders, including private sector and
Resources
4. Expedite the National Risk reduction Consortium (5 flagship
programs)
5. Implement National Disaster Response Framework
6. Guidelines for Common assessment tools (IRA, MIRA, cluster
specific details and PDNA)
7. Risk and Hazard mapping in the country
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14.
Way Forward
Deputation of staffs 24/7 for effective operation NEOC,
DEOC and others
Finalization of NEOC SOPs and testing through simulation
exercise
To implement NSDRM 2009 in an effective , efficient and
collaborative way
To enact New Disaster Management Act in line with
NSDRM 2009 and disaster management regulation
Mainstreaming Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) into
national and local level planning, implementation,
monitoring and evaluation frameworks
National Disaster Response Framework - 49 Action plan
Strengthening sub-regional, regional and international
cooperation and collaboration: SDMC, ADPC, ADMC and
UNISDR