Domestic UF System
for
Rural Use
with
Arsenic & Iron Removal Capability
- Pradip Lalla
Domestic Ultra Filtration System
Developed and Patented by
Bhabha Atomic Research Centre
Dept of Atomic Energy,
Govt. of India
 Effective
 Easy to operate & maintain
 Economical
 Delivers crystal clear water
 Costs less than Rs. 1($ 0.02) per day per family
Comparison between different UF systems
Jaltara
Hollow Fiber Membrane
Spiral Wound Cartridge
Dead End Device
Cross Flow Device
Cross Flow Device
No rejection of water
Wastage of water
Wastage of water
Economical
Comparatively Costly
Comparatively Costly
Cleaning is Physical and simple
Low Flux
System Based, either through back wash or reject flow
Very High Flux
High Flux
• Indian population : 1.1 billion
• Absence of 24 hrs direct pipe supply
• Water is stored at Point of Use :
• Overhead Tanks
• Underground Tanks
• Loft Tanks
• Drums
• Kitchen Vessels
In spite of processing the raw water, contamination takes place at the
storage point & when the pipe is depressurized
Point of Use Filters
 Muslin Cloth
 Boiling the water
 Ceramic candles
 UV
 Iodinated Resins
 Slow release Chlorine
 Nano Silver
BARC Technology UF System
Polysulfone Membrane
Plastic Housing
Online system requiring 0.3 bar pressure
Features
 Removes suspended solids and bacteriological
contamination
 Crystal clear water
 Polishes the water to a sparkling clean
 No electricity/chemicals
 Easy maintenance, empowers and satisfies
end-user
 Access to membrane being straightforward
 Maintenance is easy
 Homemaker is taught to clean and maintain
system
Installation in an Adivasi/Tribal Home
Hand
Pump
“JALTARA”
water
purification unit.
Handi with input
water
Purified
water
collection jar
Installation in an Adivasi/Tribal Home
Costing
 Membrane Candle – Rs 150 ($3.50)
 Filter Housing – Rs 200 ($4.75)
 Pipes and Accessories
 Jerry can with Float Valve for Collection- Rs 250
($5.70)
 Life of Membrane Candle 2- 3 years
 Cost to family per day for water – less than Rs 1
($0.02)
Jaltara Single Unit
•Flux/ Flow Rate of 3-6 Liters per hour
Jerry Can with Float Valve
•Used for Collection of Water without the need for stopping the inlet source
Jaltara Double and Triple Unit
•Flux/ Flow Rate Enhanced by connecting two and three membranes in
parallel
Jaltara Deluxe Model
•Flux/ Flow Rate Enhanced by connecting two and three membranes in parallel
Unit at Elephanta Caves
Unit at Adivasi School
For Regular Use
Raw Water
Three Meters
Height
Purification
Collection
Use
For Iron Removal
Raw Water
Aeration
Three Meters
Height
Purification
Collection
Use
For Arsenic Removal
Raw Water
Reaction
Chamber
Three Meters
Height
Purification
Collection
Use
Comparison Chart
Boiling
Jaltara
Ceramic Filter Pots
UV
Reverse Osmosis
Capital Cost
Nil
Moderate
Low
High
Extremely High
Protection From Bacteria
Good if Kept Boiling for 20
Minutes
Very Good : Removes Even
Dead Bacteria
Low (The Candle is an Excellent
Source for Bacterial Growth
Good (Only if proper flow rate
and desired maintenance is
observed)
Very Good
Removal of Suspended
Particles
Marginal (due to settling when
water is cooled)
0.01m Filtration
Water is
Crystal Clear
40 m Filtration
5 m Filtration
0.0001m Filtration,Water is Crystal Clear
Water Wastage
30% due to evaporation
Nil
Nil
Nil
60%
Time Taken for Purifying 30
Litres
50 Minutes
15 Hours
15 Hours
30 Minutes
2 Hours
Energy Requirement
Heat
Tap Water Pressure
(>.03 Bars)
Gravity
Electricity
Electricity and Very High Pressure (6
Bars)
Maintenance
Nil
Skilled Technician Required
Skilled Technician Required
Annual Running Cost
Daily Cost of Fuel
Candle Change (About Rs.
350 Annualised)
Candle Change (About Rs. 75)
Other
Tedious Process
Candle Must Not be
Scratched or Allowed to Dry
Bacteria Removal Efficiency is
Doubtful
Candle Cleaning About Once Candle Cleaning and Boiling (About
Every Fortnight
once a week)
Maintenance Contract (Rs. 750
Maintenance Contract (About Rs. 4000)
for Candle and Carbon Change)
Quartz Glass and UV Lamp
Maintenance is Usually
Neglected Due to High Costs
Essential Minerals are Also Removed
from the Water, Causes Leaching of
Minerals from the Human Body
Akruti
 Advanced Knowledge for RUral Technology




Implementation
NGO working in rural areas for transfer of
technology developed at the BARC
“Rural Technopreneurship”
Promote this product by Educating, Assembling,
Installing and Creating self help groups with local
employment opportunities
Incubated in about ten areas of rural Maharashtra, to
be spread throughout the country
Conclusion
 Sustainable, Innovative Technology
Thank You!