Hydrology and Hydrogeology
Hydrology?
Hydrology is the
science of water
occurrence, movement
and transport.
Hydrogeology?
Hydrogeology (hydro- meaning water, and -geology
meaning the study of rocks) is the part of hydrology that
deals with the occurrence, distribution, movement and
quality of water beneath the Earth's surface.
Wat er cycle
The world’s freshwater
resources are under increasing
pressure.
Water is vital for human survival,
health and dignity and a
fundamental resource for human
development.
•Resources are scarce
•Demands are outstripping supplies
Population under
water stress
Water withdrawals have
increased more than twice as
fast as population growth and
currently more than 1/3rd (2
billions) of world's population
live in countries that
experience medium to high
water stress.
Question:
How much
percent of
all water is
fresh?
Because groundwater has proven difficult to find in many
regions, it comprises only 19 percent of the fresh water
currently used by the world's population. The key to finding
this vast and often untapped resource is the accurate and
reliable exploration program.
-GW is significantly less costly to
develop than surface water.
-GW is less susceptible to
contamination than surface water
- quite often requires little or no
treatment to be used as drinking water.
WHERE IS
GROUNDWATER?
How much abstraction is feasible?
- unplanned abstraction can cause
groundwater lowering/mining
- Aresnic
To what extent groundwater interacts
with surface water?
GW contamination
National Water Policy (1999)
--- balanced use of groundwater and surface water
Groundwater Movement
Groundwater Movement
Groundwater Movement
Interaction of Groundwater and Surface Water
Interaction of Groundwater and Surface Water
Baseflow component of surface water flow
WFM 5103
Hydrogeology and Groundwater
Lecture materials/Handouts will be provided at the end of each class.
Reference text:
Groundwater Hydrology – By David Keith Todd
Groundwater
-- By H.M. Raghunath
Grading
Attendance:
Assignment:
Quiz (3 nos):
Mid-term :
Final
:
5%
15%
10%
30%
40%
WFM 5103
Hydrogeology and Groundwater
Subsurface environment
Water bearing properties of rocks and soils
Principles of groundwater movement
Recharge
Groundwater withdrawal
Groundwater Quality
Groundwater in Coastal zones
Hydrogeological mapping
Groundwater management
Conjunctive use
Groundwater Models
Groundwater development in Bangladesh
WFM 5103
Hydrogeology and Groundwater
Groundwater withdrawal
- groundwater exploration
- hydrogeological mapping
- well construction
- well hydraulics
surface
subsurface
WFM 5103
Hydrogeology and Groundwater
Groundwater Quality
- sources of pollution (municipal, agricultural, industrial, etc.)
- sources of salinity
Groundwater in Coastal zones
- saltwater intrusion
Hydrogeological mapping
Groundwater management
Conjunctive use
Aquifer properties/parameters
Water transmitting parameter
Permeability or
Hydraulic Conductivity
kg kg
K



Mean pore velocity:
v
vp 
ne
Water transmitting
Parameter….contd.
K (L/t) --- function of both fluid and porous medium
k (L2) --- function of porous medium only