Development and Implementation of an
Integrated National Social Protection Strategy
Vathana Sann (PhD)
Deputy Secretary General
Council for Agricultural and Rural Development
South-South in Practice: Implementation of Sustainable Social Protection Floors
September 2013
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Country Overview
Kingdom of Cambodia,
 Constitutional monarchy in Southeast Asia
 Landmass
: 181,035 Km2
 Population
: 14.5 M
 Poverty
: 25 %
 GDP
: 915$ /capita
 SP Spending : 5.5% GDP
2
Rational
 SP, part of Cambodian life from reconciliation,
rehabilitation, reconstruction and development phase
 Labour intensive and social assistances were the major
national programs in post-war periods
 End-2008, DP and RGC committed to review the existing
SSN to address food security during economic crises
3
Rational
SP Program
Social Security (NFV, NSSFC, NSSF)
Health protection (supply, HEF, CBHI)
Social assistance and relief
School feeding and scholarship
ODA-funded social assistance projects
NGO-funded social assistance projects
Public Works Programmes
Vocational Training
Total
Expenditure (million $) % of GDP
46.1
0.4
390.4
3.35
78.7
0.68
12.4
0.11
41.9
0.36
25.8
0.22
20.7
0.18
24
0.21
640
5.55
 The new era of Social Protection has begun !!!
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Rational : gaps of existing SP programs
Good morning,
national
ownership !!!
MEF
 Fragmented programs at ministerial and project sites (>
53 programs, 8 social sector ministries) on limited budget
5
Rational : gaps of existing SP programs
The national net
is to catch the
national issues
 The lack of Monitoring and Evaluation Framework and the
use of different targeting systems (1 program, 1 system)
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Rational : gaps of existing SP programs
 The burden of delegating implementation roles to the
decentralized government with on institutional capacity
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Rational : gaps of existing SP programs
Let’s them do the
job!!! the hole
isn’t at our side
 The need for coordination mechanism for policy oversight
and strategy development between RGC and DP
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Strategy development: Development framework
Priority
Existing prog.
Basic needs
during
emergency
Food
distribution
Human
capital
development
School
feeding,
scholarship
Employment
and food
security
Social health
protection
Special
vulnerable
groups
Legal framework
Emergency
and crises
Constitution
National
strategy
Sectorial law
Public works
Health
equity,
insurance
Social
assistances
Poverty profile
MDG
National
Strategic
Development
Plan
Constraints
to human
development
Un and
under
employment
Health issue
International
conventions
Special
vulnerability
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Strategy development: Defining scope
Social Protec on
Labour
market
policy
Social Insurance
(Contributory)
Other
insurance
schemes
Community
-based
Health
Insurance
Social Safety Net
(Non-Contributory)
Public
Work
Programs
(Cash or
food for
work)
Condi onal
or Noncondi onal
Cash or InKind
Transfer
Complementary
Social Welfare
Services
Social
Subsidy (to
facilitate
accesses to
public
u li es,
health,
educa on,
housing…)
Social Protec on for the Poor and Vulnerable
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Strategy development: Gradual process
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Strategy development: Balancing economic and social
Contribution to
human development
and economic
growth with equity
Provision
Social
Development
Health policies
Education policies
HIV/AIDS policies
Social welfare policies
and action plans
Social Protection
Social protection
instruments to
enable access and
utilization of basic
social services and
improvements in
human development
Social Safety
Nets
Social protection
instruments to
enable response to
emergency
Promotion
Social protection
instruments to
support engagement
of the poor in
economic activity
and income earning
Economic
Development
Macro-economic and
fiscal policies
Agricultural and rural
development policies
Industrial policies
Trade policies
Disaster
management
National disaster
management policies
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Strategy Implementation: Regional policy
 Natural disaster and climate changes, and climatic risks
remain the challenges to livelihood of the poor
 Economic progress lifted millions out of poverty, not all
have benefitted from these gains
 Many people are still poor, deprived of basic amenities,
and vulnerable to economic and climatic risks
 Growth alone can not achieve sustainable development
with equity: social costs of integration must be
assessed
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Strategy Implementation: Regional policy
 With the opening of a regional job market, labor mobility
will rise and broaden opportunities for employment
 Low skill workers from Cambodia, Laos and Myanmar,
might be pushed out by competition
 60% of the workforce is engaged in the informal sector,
with little social protection
 With increased threats of unemployment, resulting
these workers taking even more insecure and lowpaying jobs
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Strategy Implementation: Regional policy
Climatic
risks
 There might be a negative impact on regional peace,
security, and prosperity.
 Human development (focusing on children) and healthier,
educated, and productive workforce
 It is people-centred and socially responsible with a view to
achieving enduring solidarity and unity among nations
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Strategy Implementation: Coordination
CDCF
IWG / SPCG
Cambodian Development
Collaboration Forum:
the highest join-RGC-DP
forum for reviewing
development process:
SP Core Group:
Selected DP, invited for
specific issue,
WB, UN, EU, IFAD, ADB,
AusAid …
IWG
2008
SPTF
Social Protection Task-Force:
RGC Structure, CARD, MoP, MEF
MoI and 8 members
Policy oversight and
high level coordination
Interim Working
SPCU
Group on SP:
join-RGC-DP forum, Social Protection Coordination Unit:
A secretariat at CARD to facilitate the
volunteer, open
forum, 200 members network between RGC-DP
2015
2014
2013
2009
Program
Program
Program
2010
2011
NSPP Strategy development with 5
Objectives: Emergency situation,
Human Development, Employment,
Health, Special vulnerability
2012
Guiding principle (M&E,
targeting, capacity
development)
Implementation by local
administration (design,
financing)
16
Strategy Implementation: Coordination
17
Strategy Implementation: Living document
2015
Backbone
strategy
2013
SP Implementation
and service delivery
at Sub-national level
2012
Implementation
modality (ISPP,
SSD)
Toward a more integrated and systematic approach of social protection and
gradual process to comprehensive social security system
Turning policy into
action
- NSDP Mid-term
- ASEAN SP
- Micro-insurance
- SPER
- NSPS Costing
- Rate of Return
- Policy brief
- SP Research Fund
- SP Training
- Equity campaign
Policy Support
and Oversight
2011
2010
2008
Design and scaling
up CT, PWP
SNA Capacity
building and Private
Sector involvement
Partnership and
Capacity Dev.
Making information
available for all
- SPCU Website
- Communication
- Reporting system
Information
Management
Evidence-base
monitoring
- Database review
- SP Indicators
- SP Framework
Monitoring and
Evaluation
Redefining coordination roles and institutional establishment
Existing program
implementations:
Social security,
HEF, CBHI, SF…
National Social Protection Strategy development and endorsement
Milestone 2
Strategy implementation
Milestone 1
Strategy development
Mapping and scoping exercise, SP background study,
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Strategy Implementation: Social service delivery
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Strategy Implementation: Social service delivery
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Summary
 Strategy development
 Determining a clear analytical frameworks based on poverty
profile, existing programmes, and legal framework
 Defining country-specific scope and definition of social
protection
 Setting the gradual process of moving from safety-net based
to expanded and comprehensive social security
 Balancing the national focus on economic development and
investment for social development
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Summary
 Strategy implementation:
 Determining the areas of priorities at regional level where the
floor of social protection can be addressed
 Promoting the coordination mechanism for the engagement of
policy support, M&E, partnership, and information sharing
 Enhancing the role of Sub-National Authority to deliver social
service with responsibility and accountability
22
Challenges and way forwards
 SP dialogue is moving from DP agenda to a more
harmonized and integrated strategic approach
 No intention to phase-out and programs nor institutions,
or establishment of new institutions
 Moving toward capacity development for SNA for SP
design and financing as part of local development plan
 Guiding principles on M&E, targeting system (ID-Poor),
one-window service are in place for better coordination
 Developing human resources to cope effectively with the
challenges of modernization and globalization
 Participation of the private/business sector and the nongovernmental/people's organizations.
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sUmGrKuN
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