Michel Claessens
Head of Communication
ITER Organization
Where is the energetic future of Central and Eastern Europe?
16-17 December 2011, Hotel Tartuf, Beladice, Slovakia
1
Energy: the next challenge
2000-2100: renewable energies x
20 !
30
Energy consumption
(Gtoe)
DT > 2°C?
Impact of fusion?
20
Decision on
DEMO
Start of ITER
Clean
energies?
9 billion
humans
10
6 billion
humans
0
Time
2
Fusion reactions on Earth
E = mc² (Albert Einstein)
+ 3.5
MeV
+ 14.1 MeV
3
ITER, the new “way”
Fusion powers the Sun and other stars
On Earth, fusion could be a very attractive new energy source:
• Unlimited scale
• Safe, environmentally responsible
• Almost limitless fuel (water), widely distributed
• No CO2 or other greenhouse gases
• No fissile materials such as uranium or plutonium
• No long-lasting radioactive waste
“Creating a Sun in Cadarache”
4
A plasma in Cadarache
Tore Supra (Euratom-CEA): record duration of 6’30” (2003)
5
ITER: a key step towards fusion energy
Aim: produce 10 times the energy input
DEMO
~ 1000 - 3500 m3
~ 2000 - 4000 MWth
Q ~ 30
80 to 90 %

ITER
800 m3
~ 500 MWth
Q ~ 10
70 %

JET
80 m3
~ 16 MWth
Q~1
10 %


Tore Supra
25 m3
~0
Q~0
0%
------------------------- Self heating ------------------
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ITER – The way to fusion power
Aim: produce 10 times the energy input
• ITER Programme will
– Demonstrate the scientific and
technological feasibility of fusion
power
• Technical
– Achieve extended burn of D-T plasmas,
with steady state as the ultimate goal
– Integrate and test all essential fusion
power reactor technologies and
components.
– Demonstrate safety and environmental
acceptability of fusion
7
The ITER History
“For the benefit of mankind ”
1985: Secretary Gorbachev and President Reagan proposed an
international effort to develop fusion energy…
…“as an inexhaustible source of energy for the benefit of mankind”.
Then…
• 2001: final design report completed
•
2005, June 28: Cadarache (France) selected as
the ITER site
•
2006, November 21: ITER Agreement signed at
the Elysée (Paris)
•
2007, October 24: ITER Organization established
•
2010, August: construction started
8
ITER Tokamak
Cryostat
Feeders (31)
Thermal Shield
Toroidal Field Coils (18)
Vacuum Vessel
Poloidal Field Coils (6)
In-vessel Coils
Blanket
Correction Coils (18)
Central Solenoid (6)
Divertor
9
ITER site after construction
39 Buildings, 180 hectares
10 years of construction
20 years of operation
Coil Winding Building
Present HQ Building
Power Supply
Tokamak Complex
Office
Buildings
To Aix
Parkings
10
IO Human Resources
•
Total of 470 staff members (October 2011): 300 professional and
170 technical support staff
•
New manpower resourcing policy (November 2010) to achieve the
best performance at the lowest cost for the construction phase
Professional
staff
Support
staff
Total
CN
16
4
20
EU
183
125
309
IN
12
16
28
JA
25
7
32
KO
22
5
27
RU
19
3
22
US
24
10
34
Total
302
170
472
Professional staff distribution
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ITER is addressing the key technical
challenges of the tokamak
• Tokamak
–
–
–
–
–
Large scale up of many systems
High quality high tech components
Tight tolerances
Manufacturing around the world
Highly integrated design
• Superconducting magnets
– Unprecedented magnet size
– High field performance ~12T
– Conductor and magnet
manufacturing
• Vessel Systems
– Large size
– Safety boundary
• Plasma facing components
– High heat flux
– Plasma-Material Interactions
– RH requirements
12
A unique project
Each partner builds part of the machine
ITER is being
built largely
through in-kind
contribution by
the seven
Members of the
ITER
Organization
13
A unique project
Each partner builds part of the machine
China: magnet conductor, correction coils, feeders and supports, blankets, remote handling transfer casks,
gas injection system, electrical switchgear, some diagnostics.
India: vessel ferromagnetic inserts, cryostat, cryolines and cryodistribution, heat rejection system, ion
cyclotron and startup electron cyclotron heating power supplies, diagnostic neutral beam, some
diagnostics.
Japan: half the TF coils, most of the TF coil structure, part of the TF and all the CS conductors, part of the
first wall, divertor outer target, blanket remote handling equipment, atmosphere detritiation, equatorial
electron cyclotron launchers and power supplies, neutral beam components, some diagnostics.
Korea: some conductor strand, part of the vessel and vessel ports, blankets, assembly tooling, thermal
shield, tritium storage, part of the power supplies, some diagnostics.
Russian Federation: PF coils 1 and 6 and some PF and TF coil conductor, some vacuum vessel ports,
blankets and connectors, divertor dome and testing, electrical switchgear, some klystron tubes, some
plasma diagnostics.
USA: wind CS coils, some TF conductor, some blankets, port limiters, part of the cooling system, part of the
vacuum pumping and fuelling system, tokamak exhaust processing, part of the steady power supplies, RF
transmission lines, some plasma diagnostics.
Europe: the remainder, including sharing in most of the above procurements, plus the buildings.
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Fabrication has begun
Hoisting superconducting Correction Coils, Institute of Plasma Physics, Hefei, China.
ITER Organization and Domestic Agencies have signed 60 Procurement Arrangements (PAs) over
a total of 128. This amounts to € 3.3 billion, or 72% of the total procurement value for the
construction of ITER.
15
Cryostat Status
Top Lid
Upper
Cylinder
Lower
Cylinder
• Provides the vacuum insulation for
operating the superconducting
magnets and thermal shield system
• 304L stainless steel 40 – 180 mm thick
• Weight ~3500 tonnes
Base
Section
IN-DA signed PA September 2011
16
TF superconducting strand
Procurement is largest in History
• Over 40% of required 450t of Nb3Sn strand has been produced
around the world
• Stepping up to 100 tons/year
TF Strand Production Summary
17
TF & PF Conductor activity Underway
in Hefei, China
TF & PF Winding Building
Winding & Compaction Machines
Jacketing Line
18
Machine Assembly
19
Cost of ITER
Most contributions are in kind
•
Total estimated construction cost of ~ 13 Billion €, if built
in Europe
•
Total estimated value capped at 7.1 Billion euros,
including 0.17 Billion euros as additional resources
•
Any additional resources to be made available by cost
savings
20
Project schedule
Approved by ITER Council in November 2011
Assembly:
First Plasma:
DT Operations:
2014-2018
Nov 2020
2027
21
Overview of Schedule for 2020 First Plasma
22
Latest construction progress on ITER Site
23
Latest construction progress on ITER Site
Tokamak Complex
Construction
PF Coil Winding Building
400kV Substation
ITER Headquarters Building
24
Latest construction progress on ITER Site
Tokamak Complex
Construction
25
Latest construction progress on ITER Site
Tokamak Complex
Construction
26
Excavation support & isolation basemat
Support plinths for
the antisismic
pads (493 units)
Lower
basemat: 1.5m
tick
Confinment
walls
27
Transports
•
•
•
•
Biggest components: > 750 tons
104 km from Berre l’Etang to St Paul-lez-Durance (16 communes)
2 test convoys in 2012, first ITER component to arrive early 2013
 212 convoys 2013-2018 (= one every 10th day): 32 very slow
convoys (5 km/h) = 5 nights; 75 slow convoys (10 km/h) = 2 nights
28
Can anything like the Fukushima Daiichi
incident happen in ITER?
Fission
Reactor Vessel
Tons of solid
Uranium isotopes
Fusion
Vacuum Vessel
grams
of gas hydrogen isotopes
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How safe is ITER?
A Fukushima-type accident is impossible in ITER
Fusion reaction intrinsically safe
Fuel inventory very small: less than one gram
Any disturbance will stop the plasma
Runaway and core-meltdown impossible
Cooling is not a safety function: if power is
lost, heat evacuation happens naturally
Important safety margins for external risks
(earthquake, flooding…)
ITER is safe for workers,
people and the environment
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« Enquête Publique »
15 June – 20 July 2011
•
•
13 cities
Local residents invited to formulate
questions and express opinions about
the ITER project
•
Public Inquiry is a crucial step toward
the obtention of ITER’s nuclear license
32
ITER in the press 2006-2011
Nr of articles / week quoting ‘ITER’
ITER Agreement
New DG
EP decision
Fukushima
Plan EC
IO established
Average
2006
2007
Source: Meltwater news reports
2008
2009
2010
2011
Summary
• ITER project is moving into the real construction phase
• Implementation of the approved ITER Baseline
• New Management Structure
• Improved governance
• Cost Containment approach
First Plasma in 2020
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Thank you for your attention
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