Chapter 28
New Zealand
Economy
Contents
Section I
Section II
Section III
Section IV
Section V
An Introduction
Primary Industries
Minerals & Energy Industry
Secondary Industries
Tertiary Industries
Section I An Introduction
New Zealand has a
market economy with
sizeable manufacturing
and service sectors
complementing a
highly efficient exportoriented agriculture
sector.
In the 1980s
and 1990s
The country
underwent
radical
economic
restructuring
Over the
past 80 years
A substantial
reduction on
the share of
agriculture
in GDP
Over the
past 20 years
An uneven
expansion of
the service
sector
Over 2002
to 2004
Growth in
GDP in the
range of
3.5% to
4.5%
Over 2006
CPI inflation
increased to
4.0% (June),
3.5% (Sep),
2.6% (Dec)
Over 2007
the annual
current
account
deficit 9.1%
of GDP
A large proportion of the risks
and uncertainties concerning the
outlook for the New Zealand
economy revolve around domestic
or New Zealand-specific factors.
back
Section II Primary Industries
Primary industries
generate much of NZ’ s
wealth. Agriculture,
horticulture, forestry and
fishery account for over
60% of exports.
•
Agriculture
andcoastline
Horticulture
Vital to NZ’
s life, a long
and EEZ of 3.1million
• Squid, tuna, green-lipped mussels,
Forest
rock largest
lobster
and abalone
• NZ isPrimary
knownmackerel,
as the world’s
farm,
agriculture accounts for 4.6% of
Industries
GDP, horticulture crops have become
increasing•important.
Heavily forested, a Fishery
quarter as
• Dairy, sheep, beef
cattle, deer,
goats,
conservation
areas.
pigs, poultry,
andfir
• bee-keeping,
Radiate pine, apple
Douglas
kiwifruit
Section III Secondary Industries
Secondary
Industries
Manufacturing
• Make an important contribution to the
national economy;
• The largest sub-sectors are food,
beverages and tobacco, machinery
and equipment;
• Building new homes is significant,
residential construction is 60%;
• CER and NAFTA.
Energy and Minerals
• Has significant natural energy resources,
with good reserves of coal, natural gas
and oil, extensive geothermal fields;
• After 1973, oil and gas exploration was
increased and energy conservation
programs developed and promoted.
Section IV Tertiary Industries
Transport & Communication
Tourism
Trade
Transport
1
Shipping
Important;
99% of
exports;
Auckland
By air
17% of
exports by
value,
Auckland
Car
1
Railway
No longer
TheNegative
most aspect:
a rapid increase
popular
the central
in unemployment
form;
73% role; the
major
of NZers
haulers of
drove to
long-distance
work.
freight
Communication
1
Radio
Television
Telephone
1
ICT
A great
range of
private
stations
Crownowned TV1
and TV2
>95%;
Negative aspect:
halfa rapid
haveincrease
in unemployment
Thriving
mobile
phone &
access to
the internet
Tourism
Plays a significant role 4.8% of GDP
Gorgeous beaches, spectacular
geothermal, volcanic activity
World-leading museums, groomed ski
slopes
The America’s Cup yachting competition,
the locally made movie The Lord of the
Rings
Trade
Exporting:
Horticulture: cut flowers, kiwifruit, apples,
vegetables, wines
The old standbys: wool, butter and cheese
The manufacturing: whiteware (fridges and
dishwashers), electric fences, newsprint and
furniture
Importing: meat and dairy products
Export destinations:
Australia, America, Japan, China, Britain
I.
Exercises
Fill in the blanks with proper words or
expressions.
II. Translate the following terms into
Chinese.
III. Explaining the following in
English.
I. Fill in the blanks with proper words or
expressions.
1. New Zealand has a ________
market economy with sizeable
______________
manufacturing and service sectors complementing
a highly efficient export-oriented ___________
agricultural sector.
2. Primary industries generate much of New Zealand’s
wealth. Agriculture
___________, ___________,
horticulture _______
forestry and
_______
fishery account for over 60% of exports.
3. The changing makeup pastoral based production over
the past two decades reflects the relative returns of
different farming types. ______,
_____, __________,
Dairy sheep
beef cattle
_____,
deer goats, pigs poultry, and bee are the most
important forms of farming.
4. Grains are primary grown for the domestic market,
with ______
wheat and ______
barley leading. The major fruit
apples _________,
kiwifruit grapes
grown commercially are ______,
and avocados.
5. New Zealand is heavily forested. Indigenous forests
cover a quarter of the country, and most are protected
as ____________
conversation areas.
6. New Zealand has a long coastline and has an
Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) of 3.1 million
__________________________
nautical square kilometers supporting a wide variety
of inshore fish, some large deep-water fin fish, squid
and tuna.
7. The largest sub-sectors in manufacturing were
_____,
food beverages and _______,
tobacco followed by
___________
machinery and equipment.
8. New Zealand has significant natural energy
resources, with good reserves of coal
____, __________,
natural gas
___,
oil extensive geothermal fields.
9. A geography and climate in New Zealand have
supported substantial _____________
hydro-electric development.
10. Now tourism is the leading industry in the sustainable
________
development of New Zealand.
II. Translate the following terms into Chinese.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
gross domestic product (GDP) 国内生产总值
consumer price index (CIP) 消费者价格指数
plantation forests 种植林
Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) 专属经济区
Quota Management System 配额管理体系
renewable resources 可再生资源
tertiary industries 第三产业
III. Explaining the following in English.
1. Primary Industries
The primary sector of the economy involves
changing natural resources into primary
products. Most products from this sector are
considered raw materials for other industries.
Major businesses in this sector include
agriculture, agribusiness, fishing, forestry and all
mining and quarrying industries.
2. Secondary Industries
This sector generally takes the output of the
primary sector and manufactures finished goods
or where they are suitable for use by other
businesses, for export, or sale to domestic
consumers. This sector is often divided into light
industry and heavy industry.
3. Kiwifruit
The kiwifruit, often shortened to kiwi in many
parts of the world, is the edible berry. It has a
fibrous, dull brown-green skin and bright green
or golden flesh with rows of tiny, black, edible
seeds. The fruit has a soft texture and a unique
flavor, and today is a commercial crop in several
countries, mainly in Italy, New Zealand and Chile.
4. Tertiary Industries
The tertiary sector of the economy (also
known as the service sector or the service
industry) consists of the "soft" parts of the
economy, i.e. activities where people offer their
knowledge and time to improve productivity,
performance, potential, and sustainability. The
basic characteristic of this sector is the production
of services instead of end products.
5. Transport
Transport or transportation is the movement
of people and goods from one location to another.
Modes of transport include air, rail, road, water,
cable, pipeline, and space. Transport plays an
important part in economic growth and
globalization, but most types cause air pollution
and use large amounts of land.
6. fishery
A fishery is an entity engaged in raising
and/or harvesting fish. A fishery may involve the
capture of wild fish or raising fish through fish
farming or aquaculture. Directly or indirectly, the
livelihood of over 500 million people in developing
countries depends on fisheries and aquaculture.
III. Questions for discussion
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
How agriculture industries in New Zealand are
classified?
How industries in New Zealand are classified?
What are the two agreements signed by New
Zealand and Australia to facilitate their
economic relationships?
What role does tourism play in New Zealand’ s
economy?
Who are the major trading partners of New
Zealand?