CONVERGENCE OF EXTENSION
EFFORTS BELOW OF THE
DISTRICT/BLOCKS WITH FOCUS
ON PPPs
V. V. SADAMATE
AGRIL. CONVERGENCE EXPERT,
PIU, WORLD BANK PROJECT
1
POLICY FOCUS
XII th Plan ….Calls for
• Faster
• More Inclusive and
• Sustainable growth
Enhanced investments in agril and allied sectors
Growth Target
• 4% in XIIth Plan against achievement of 3.3%
of XIth Plan
2
CHALLENGES IN AGRIL & AND ALLIED
SECTORS….in the Context of Conv.
•
•
•
•
Small and Marginal account for 83%
Average land holding reduced to 1.3 ha
60% Area would continue to be rainfed
Land, water, soil health and biodiversity
resources shrinking
• 65-70% of animal wealth including small
ruminants is with the small holders and land
less labourers
3
CHALLENGES in the Context of
Conv….contd
• Regional imbalances and low productivity in
potential sectors
• Extension services are either weak or missing
in allied sectors and not able to effectively
reach small and marginal farmers.
• Serious concerns on Marketing linkages
• Strengths of Convergence and PPPs
are yet to be fully realized
4
PERFORMANCE OVER PLANS
PLAN
SHARE OF
AGRIL .GDP
IN ECONOMY
IX th FYP 23.4%
Xth FYP 19.0%
XI th FYP 14.2%
AVERAGE
ANNUAL
GROWTH
TOTAL
ECONOMY
2.5%
2.4%
3.3%
5.7
7.6
7.9
(i) Declining GDP,(ii)dependence level same,(iii)
Calls for more inclusive growth
5
STRATEGIC PROGRAMMES IN XII PLAN
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Missions : NFSM,NHM,NMOSOP,NMAE&T,NMSA
RKVY
NDP/National Live Stock Mission
Consortia Research Platforms
Frontline Extension/ Field Extension
MNREGA/IWMP/Neeranchal/NRLM
BRGF
Green India Mission
6
SUBSTANTIAL INCREASE IN
INVESTMETNS
SECTOR
XI TH PLAN
(2007-8 Prices )-Rs
in CRS
XII TH PLAN
RS IN CRS
DAC
DARE
DAHD&F
41,337
12,588
8,174
71,500
25,553
14,179
RKVY
STATES
25,000
1,11,824
63,246
2,50,721
TOTAL
1,98,923
4,25,199
7
MAJOR STRATEGIES IN AGRICULTURAL
DEVELOPMENT
• Technology generation and its dissemination
• Efficient use of land and water resources
• Enhancing productivity ..crops, fish and L stock
resources ….judicious/timely use of inputs
• Farmer Empowerment & Inclusive Growth
• HRD of farmers and functionaries
8
MAJOR STRATEGIES ….Contd
• Enhanced Investments and stakeholder
partnerships
• Key infrastructure in supportive areas/
Marketing
• Inter and Intra Sectorial Convergence of
efforts and PPPs across the sectors
9
CONVERGENCE ,
ESPECIALLY BELOW OF
THE DISTRICTS AND
BLOCKS
10
WHY CONVERGE ?
• Programmatic silos have successful but
sporadic effects
• Sharing the expertise and knowledge
• To obtain wider impacts of joint efforts
• Up-scale results obtained in pilots
11
WHY CONVERGE….. Contd.
• Single development agency may have
limitations of resources and strategies
• Multi-stakeholder involvement would………
Supplement and complement the efforts and
Obtain Community partnership and
involvement
• GOs strong on backward links, private players
are strong on forward linkages &NGOs strong
on social mobilization
12
EXTENSION AGENCIES IN A GIVEN
MICRO AGRO-ECO SITUATION
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Public Agencies
Inputs Support Services/Agencies
Entrepreneurs
NGOs
FOs
Co-operatives
PRIs
Local leaders and Opinion makers
Print and Electronic Media
13
CONVERGENCE Stages –(i)SOCIAL
MOBILIZATION
•
•
•
•
NGOs
FOs
PRIs
Opinion leaders/local leaders
14
CONVERGENCE Stages –
(ii)PROGRAMMATIC
•
•
•
•
•
KVK Programmes
ATMA Programmes
NGO Programmes
FO Programmes
Entrepreneur Programmes
15
CONVERGENCE Stages –(iii) ACTION
ON THE GROUND
• Field functionaries working for the farmers,
farm women and farm youths
• Links promoted by the agriculture and the line
departments
• Functionaries.. the Pvt. Agencies /NGOs/FOS
• Paras …Kisan Sahayaks, Kisan Mitras, Adarsh
Raitus, Gopal Mitras, Prani Bandhus
16
CONVERGENCE PROCESS GOES
THROUGH …..
•
•
•
•
•
Instructions/Guidelines
Incentives
Internalize the spirit of convergence
Adopt and
Up-scale
17
FUNCTIONARIES TO FOCUS ON
CONVERGENCE….
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
VEWs /Agril Assistants / AOs
SMSs of ATMAs
SMSs of KVKs
Irrigation Inspectors
Field functionaries of line departments
Watershed teams
Technical teams under various Missions
Para workers Like Kisan Sahayaks,Gopal Mitras
18
PROGRAMMATIC POSSIBILITIES OF
CONVERGENCE
•
•
•
•
•
Agricultue,
Horticultue,
Dairy /Animal Husbandry
Fisheries
Water and other essential inputs
19
WHO TO LEAD
•
•
•
•
GO Leads and NGOs support or vice a versa
Agency having comparative advantages
Agencies having grassroots level presence
Agencies having influence over other systems
and the targeted local population,
• Best Extension actor in a given situation
20
ACTIVITIES FACILITATING
CONVERGENCE
• Selection of beneficiaries
• Participatory programme planning,
management and implementation
• Sharing the responsibilities(training …Orissa)
• Joint M&E/Joint field visits
• Sharing the infrastructure and facilities
• Sharing the benefits
21
FORMAL VS INFORMAL CONVERGENCE
• Formal …Moves th. MOU/ instructions
• Informal …shared values and understanding
• Formal …takes time to internalize in the
processes
• Informal …happens at the community level
and at the cluster level ….depends on local
initiatives /leadership
• Informal is Sustainable.
22
PPPs IN EXTENSION
MANAGEMENT,… AS THE
EFFECTIVE INSTRUMENT
OF CONVERGENCE
23
PPPs …. 10 DRIVERS
•
•
•
•
•
Who initiates
Who partners
Who contributes
And What share
What are the mutual benefits
24
PPP DRIVERS …..Contd.
•
•
•
•
•
What are the intended benefits
How the intended benefits are shared
What are the built in confidence levels
What are the ways to mutual diversification
What are the arrangements for sustainability
25
PARTNERSHIP MODES
• Public- Public
• Public- Private (has greater influence/impact
value in development sectors )
• Private - Private
26
XIIth PLAN – INDICATIVE PPP AREAS
• Encourage Empowered Groups across the
sectors SHGs/JLGs/FPOs/FPCs
• Use of PACs /JLGs of Farmers and livestock
owners for credit delivery
• Promote FPO collectives for farm planning
and production
• Giving priority to the FPOs/ NGOs in pilot
tests and investments
27
XII TH PLAN PPP AREAs …contd
• ATMAs to promote private extension service
providers
• Promote Community Resource Persons (CPRs)
in Extension
• Technology commercialization window tried
under NAIP
• KVKs and SAUs… Farm Science Clubs,
Technology Weeks
28
XIIth PLAN PPP AREAS Contd…
• NLM- Para Vets to supplement livestock
extension.
• Fish coops/Fish groups/ FFDAs &Fish
entrepreneurs on PPP Mode
• Quality planting material th..Private&
accredited nursaries (NHM)
• Corporates Must encourage Extension as CSR
Outlets…Approved
29
XIIth PLAN PPP AREAs Contd…..
• Compact blocks through NGOs(NFSM/BGREI)
• NGOs in Soil Testing/IPM awareness
programmes
• NMSA… Capture Experiences of NGOs and
CSOs
• Missions proposed for XIIth Plan may have
PPP window
• Entrepreneurs as investors in a given area
30
STRONG FOs/ POs …have shown the
ways for effective PPPs
•
•
•
•
•
Empowered Farmer Groups/Producer Cos(MP)
Maharashtra Experiments- Very Successful
South- East, Latin America
Denmark’s county level FIACs
Michigan’s Cherry Producer Organizations
31
PRIVATE PPP MODELS IN ALLIED
SECTORS
• BAIF / JKS /Nimkar Foundation …Animal
Husbandry
• Venkateswara / Eastern India Hatcheries
• MSSRF in research programmes
• Growers Associations in NHM/NHB
• Breeders’ Associations in Livestock
Conservation
32
RKM….NGO Tremendous Success
•
•
•
•
•
Unique Institute of Repute
Total dedication for social upliftment
Total Confidence of Government Agencies
Wanted partner in many programmes
Agril Extn th Voluntary Orgns….50 Excellent
Performance
• Running State Level Training Institute(SAMETI)
for West Bengal
33
WONDERS BY AC- AB HAND HOLDING
INSTITUTE
• Private initiative , Public(MANAGE) support
• AC-AB implementation partner
• Highly motivated, intensive follow up with
Banks
• Assists in Policy making
• Single institute , promoted over 500 ACABs
in major State of Uttar Pradesh
34
FAMOUS DHANUKA/ PARADEEP
experiments
•
•
•
•
•
In Madhya Pradesh / Orissa
Public- Private joint efforts
Mutual sharing of goods and services
Focussed Extension Efforts
Win- Win for both
35
ENTREPRENEURS as promising
PP partners
•
•
•
•
Risk taking capacity
Investment Capacity
Wants a proper space in Agril.Development
Incubation support(Cornell Model)
36
MOVING A MOUNTAIN
• Public investments alone cannot move the
mountain
• Private investments are necessary
• Government to promote policies to enable,
facilitate and encourage PPPs
• Trust and confidence building measures are
also required for win- win to both.
37
SCREENING THE CREDENTIALS
• Large numbers of private players cropping up
• Good and Bad Experiences
• Screening of Track record and credentials are
essential for partnership
• One bad partner can spoil the PPP game
38
GLOBAL STRATEGIES - FAO
• Greater Inclusiveness
• Sustainable production in rainfeds and poorly
utilized eco-systems
• Empowerment of small and marginal
producers
• Improved food and nutritional security and
• Improved implementation with focus on
Convergence and PPPs
39
CONV. & PPP …ONE LEADS TO OTHER
• Good Convergence should promote PPPs
• And good PPPs should lead to increased
convergence
• Improved perception of extension efforts by
the farmers
40
FINALLY, TASK ON HAND
• Agricultural Convergence Expert
• 8 States Rajasthan, Gujarat,, Maharashtra,
Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Orissa
and Andhra Pradesh.
• 2 Districts in each covering all the blocks
• Across the sectors, actors and programmes
• Fortunately u are there in all the districts
• And , just cannot think of Convergence and PPP
without ur presence and influence
41
THANKS EXTENSION DIVISION
THANKS ICAR
42