On-site greywater
treatment and reuse
applications, quality requirements,
treatment solutions
5th June 2013
Beirut, Lebanon
I am…
Markus Sellner
Degreed engineer of Environmental protection
Living in Göttingen / Germany
Productmanager for decentralised water management
Employeed at DEHOUST since April 2008
1. What is on-site greywater reuse?
1. What is on-site greywater reuse?
Definitions
Greywater = part of the household wastwater without faecal matter and urine (blackwater).
Greywater is the drain from bath tubs, shower trays, washbasins and washing machines.
It may also contain high-polluted kitchen wastewater.
(British standard 8525-1:2010)
Process water = water with different quality characteristics than drinking water
serving commercial, industrial, agriculatural or similiar purposes (DIN 4046).
1. What is on-site greywater reuse?
General flow schematic
decentralised
greywater treatment system
1. What is on-site greywater reuse?
Ideal building types
1. What is on-site greywater reuse?
Distribution of water consumption in residential buildings
Drinking water
Treated greywater
33 % toilet
38 % body care
13 % laundry
2 % drinking/cooking
7 % dish washing
5 % others
2 % garden irrigation
saving potential around 50 %
1. What is on-site greywater reuse?
Typical water consumption in buildings
Existing information sheets and guidelines just give estimations/recommendations
•
fbr information sheet H201
•
British Standard 8525-1
•
DIN 1989-1 about rainwater harvesting systems
source
building type
body care*
[L/p*d]
toilet
[L/p*d]
washing machine
[L/p*d]
residential building
50-90
20-35
15-25
hotel complex
60-200
20-45
15-30
office building
15-50
10-30
5-20
sports facility
50-150
10-25
5-20
Greywater
*showers, bath tubs, handwash basins
L = litre; p = person; d = day; m² = squarmeter; a = year
Green irrigation
Depending on green area
60 – 200 L/m²*a
Process water
2. Quality requirements for reuse
2. Quality requirements for reuse
Code of practice for general requirements
hygienical / microbiological safe
colorless and clear
particle free
free from unpleasant odour emission
•
British Standard 8525-1: 2011
about greywater reuse
•
EU bathing water guideline 2006/7/EC
•
DIN 19650
hygienic concerns of irrigation water
2. Quality requirements for reuse
Code of practice of general requirements
hygienical / microbiological safe
BS 8525-1
2006/7/EC
DIN 19650
public green
areas, sports area,
vegetables
< 10
-
-
pH
5 – 9,5
-
-
about greywater reuse
coliform bacteria
[cfu/100 mL]
1.000
10.000
-
•
EU bathing water guideline 2006/7/EC
Escherichia coli
[cfu/100 mL]
250
1.000
< 200
•
DIN 19650
colorless and clear
particle free
name
free from unpleasant odour emission
turbidity [NTU]
•
British Standard 8525-1: 2011
hygienic concerns of irrigation water
comparing German limits about coliform bacteria:
raw milk: 10.000 cfu/100 mL
soft cheese: 1.000 cfu/g
minced meat: 5.000.000 cfu/g
3. Treatment technique
3. Treatment technique
General flow chart
3. Treatment technique
combination of aerobic biological sludge treatment and external
submerged membrane filtration system.
Ultrafiltration flatsheet membranes separating activated sludge from
biologically treated wastewater.
3. Treatment technique
•
state of the art in Europe
•
exceeding all guidelines
•
100% barrier for sludge/particles
•
99,9% barrier for germs
•
absolut clear water
•
small footprint
•
eco-friendly without chemicals
•
packaged system by system manufacturer
•
high investment costs
•
maintenance costs
3. Treatment technique
combination of aerobic biological sludge treatment and UV-desinfection
batches: fill => react/aeration => settle => decant
3. Treatment technique
with UV-desinfection
•
state of the art in Europe
•
exceeding all guidelines
•
99,9% barrier for germs
•
eco-friendly without chemicals
•
low maintenance costs
•
low energy consumption
•
not guaranteed clear water (e.g. foam)
•
UV-efficiency depends on biological efficiency
•
large footprint
3. Treatment technique
•
constructed wetlands with additional desinfection
•
combined treatment systems
(sandfilter, carbon-filter, chlorine station)
•
multi-layer-filters

not common and proven in long-term-operation

insufficient biological treatment => odour, foam,…

mixed technology– no packaged and tested units
4. LEED-Certification
4. LEED-Certification
110 possible points
Simple certificate: 40 – 49 Points
Platinum certificate: 80 Points or higher
4. LEED-Certification
110 possible points
Simple certificate: 40 – 49 Points
Platinum certificate: 80 Points or higher
5. Audiance
Discussion
Time for questions
Thank you
for your attention !