CCS achievements at TCM
Related to CHP
Managing Director Frank Ellingsen
CO2 history in Norway 1990-2020
GASSNOVA SF
The Norwegian state enterprise for
carbon capture and storage, (2005)
Storage: Statoil Sleipner
R&D 2005 CLIMIT
CO2 tax offshore
TCM in
operation
Government ambition
full-scale CCS facility by 2020
Storage: Statoil, Snøhvit
R&D 1997:Klimatek
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
2015
2020
This is TCM
SHELL
Vision
• Develop and verify technologies
owned by vendors
• Reduce cost and risks
• Knowledge sharing
• Develop the emerging market for
CO2 capture technology
Seawater
CHP (Powerplant)
Area for future
development
Refinery
Amine
plant
Electrical
substation
Admin
complex
Catalytic
cracker
Gas Power Plant
Utilities
Chilled Ammonia plant
• Test campaigns the Amine Plant
•
•
•
•
Campaign-1 on CHP flue (3.5 % CO2)
Campaign-2 on RFCC flue (13-15 % CO2)
MEA campaig-3 on CHP flue (3.5 % CO2)
Campaign- 4 on CHP flue (3.5 % CO2)
Campaign 1. Amine Plant, CHP flue gas and S21 solvent
Target: Stable operation
• About 93% operability
• CO2 capture rate about 90%
• Emission about 0.2 ppm Amine
• Nitrosamines and nitramines below detection limit
• Stable solvent with low degradation. Main degradation
products amines, amino acids with low volatility.
• Very low concentration of solvent specific nitramines
• Reclaiming showed low waste production(0,26 Kg/ton
CO2)
Dynamic operations of the amine plant – A test
•
•
Testing the capture during dynamic transitions,
replicating a fluctuating grid power consumptions
Supporting growth of renewables
The graph shows an example of tripping and starting the amine plant.
– ability to go from zero to full speed in 1 - 1.5 hours after trip
Operation of the Amine Plant
Campaign 2
RFCC gas (13.5 % CO2)
MIST generation
Preliminary conclusions:
•
SO3 and SO2 generate mist
Alternative solutions considered:
•
Reduce SO3 and SO2 by filters
•
Process development
Campaign 3 MEA on CHP (3.5 % CO2)
Campaign 4 New solvent (S26) on CHP (3.5 % CO2)- on going
Objectives of the
MEA campaign - 3
• Develop a dataset to chare
• Capture CO2 from CCGT power plant flue gas
• Create plant base line with 30% wt aqueous MEA.
• Investigate the potential of high conc. MEA (up to
40% wt ) achieving about 85% CO2 capture
• Verify design capacity of the plant and specific
functionalities
• Verify and improve process simulation model
• Understand scale-up, performance and emissions
Baseline preliminary results: typical emission
performance
30% wt aqueous MEA base line run
MEA
0.02 ppmv
(TCM DA lab)
NH3
10 ppmv
(TCM DA lab)
Acetaldehyde
0.2 ppmv
(third party lab)
Formaldehyde
0.1 ppmv
(third party lab)
Total nitrosamines
< 0.00008 mg/m3 (third party lab)
Total nitramines
< 0.0002 mg/m3
(third party lab)
MEA Campaign – 3
Conclusions and way forward
• 30% wt aqueous MEA base line established and
being verified by EPRI
• 40% wt aqueous MEA base line established (not in
EPRI scope)
• Plant operating window explored
• Start up, shut down and transient operating
conditions tested and investigated
• Low emissions during normal operation
• Way forward: additional MEA campaign(s) necessary
to
• Measure long term effects as degradation and
corrosion
• Better understanding of scale-up
• Test reclaiming
• Test lean solvent vapor (LVC) compressor
• Others to be defined
Test campaigns at the
Chilled Ammonia Plant (CAP)
Campaign 1: Nov 2012 – April 2013
Tests on RFCC flue gas. Need for process
modification/improvement identified
Campaign 2: May 2013 – Sept 2013
Operation at CHP flue gas (3.5% CO2)
Target: Stable operation
Operability around 90%
Campaign 3: Nov 2013 – Aug 2014
RFCC flue gas (13.5% CO2)
New tests on low concentration flue gas
Alstom’s Chilled
Ammonia Process
•
•
•
TCM has demonstrated the
Alstom CAP technology, and a
successful and stable operations
of more than 4000h (RFCC and
CHP flue gas)
No environmental or health risk
Very low emissions
The Chilled Ammonia CHP
Campaign - 2
Operation experience confirmed
• Low ammonia emission in the residual flue
gas to atm.: 1 to 3 ppmv
• Low ammonia concentration in the CO2
product: <10ppmv
• CO2 Capture rate: 85 to 90% (Reference
period: 88% at 47 000 Sm3/h flue gas)
• Solvent is stable without any trace of
degradation
• More than 1300 operating hours confirm:
• Acceptable process stability
• Flexibility and ability in handling
transient conditions
The Chilled Ammonia CHP
Campaign -2
Operation experience confirmed
• After flushing with water, a safe
maintenance/disassembling of equipment with
ammonia solvent is performed with usual/suitable
personal protection
• At low ambient temperature (under 0ºC), in case of
leakage, the vaporization of ammonia from the
solvent is very limited and may be not detected
• At higher temperatures, even small leakages are
detected early by gas detectors or operator
inspection
The Chilled Ammonia CHP - Campaign - 2
Operation lessons learned
•
•
•
Salt formation in gas phase: Heat tracing with temperature alarms are installed
in order to avoid salt formation in:
•
safety valves
•
critical pressure and level instrumentation
•
regenerator feed pump
•
Rich/Lean heat exchangers
•
Rich feed Tank vent line.
Online analyzer for CO2 and NH3 in the flue gas are a challenge. The main
causes are:
•
Instrumentation hardware and software complexity
•
Condensation of salts in gas phase
•
Accumulation of salts in piping/instrumentation when the liquid droplet
with salts entrained with the flue gas are dried by heat tracing.
Gas and liquid sampling and laboratory analyze are challenging due to salt
precipitations unstable and not visible
Welcome to Bergen and Mongstad;
…to share knowledge on
carbon capture
TCM launched the first International
Test Centre Network to accelerate CCS
technology development
•
•
•
Sharing knowledge of developments,
construction and operational experience
Establishing benchmarks and performance
indicators
Promoting technology certification and
standardization
..and be a part of TCM going
ahead
To develop
• Large test facilities
• Utility/infrastructure and the available test area
TCM has proven its key role in reducing
• Costs and risks
Thank you