Forensic Odontology
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Unknown Body Identification
Mass Disaster Investigation
Dental Evidence Identification
Bite Mark Evidence Comparison
Child, Spouse, Senior Abuse Investigation
Criminal Investigation Leads
Civil Litigations
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Pictures & Video Tape
Fingerprint cards and ID Information
X-Rays and Medical Records
Known Blood Types and DNA Records
Occupant/Passenger/visitor Lists
Non Listing Occupant Passengers/visitor
Seat/room Assignment
Unknown Body Identification
• About 10,500 people missing every year in
US
• Only 5% of those missing persons have
dental records on file
• About 5,400 unidentified bodies were
found every year.
• 65 % of those bodies were identified by
dental records
• The top 4 States: CA, TX, MI,
• Are the Remain
Human
• Are the Remain
Recent
• Identification of the
Remain
• Estimation of Age
• Determination of Sex,
Race, Stature
• Manner and Cause of
Death
• Means and Facts
related to Death
Dental X-Ray Identification
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Alignment of Teeth
Uniqueness of Teeth
Rotation and Direction
Dental Restoration
Pulp Chamber
Seines Line
Types of DNA Database
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Sex Offender Database
Felony Offender Database
Felony Arrest Database
All Type Arrest Database
Total 1,407,000 DNA Profiles in US
CODIS database and 64,500 in
forensic database.
DNA Typing Emerging Trends
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SNPs Analysis
Ethno-geographic Origin
Robotic Platform Automation
Data Acquisition and Analysis
Microbial DNA Typing
Non-human DNA Analysis
Bio-geographical Ancestry
Age Determination
Solid
Extract
Divide into Three
Equal Amount
2D AI
A.E
Conclusive
results
NR, INC,
NAD
NR, INC,
NAD
Conclusive
results
NC
NC
Non-concordant
concordant
Group
HUMAN VARIATION
HUMAN EVOLUTION
CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY
ARCHAEOLOGY
LINGUISTICS
Study of Human Physical Variation
and Evolution in Relationship to
Behavioral Patterns and Cultures
Forensic Specialty in human
skeletal biology who apply their
skills to medicolegal cases
• Are the Remain Human
• Are the Remain Recent
• Identification of the
Remain
• Estimation of Age
• Determination of Sex,
Race, Stature
• Manner and Cause of
Death
• Means and Facts
related to Death
Bite Mark Evidence may involve:
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Rape, Sexual Attack
Child/ Senior Abuse
Sexual Activity
Assault & Battery
Homicide
Collection of Bite Mark Evidence
1. Photograph General Location
2. Photograph Close-up View
3. Photograph with Scale
4. Swab Saliva Stain
5. Measurement and Sketch
6. Casting of Impression
Location of Bite Marks
Heterosexual Assault
Female Victim
• Breast
• Thigh
• Ant. Shoulder
• Public areas
• Neck
• Arm
• Buttock
Male Victim
• Abdomen
• Chest
• Arm
Homosexual Assault
Male Victim
• Upper Back
• Penis
• Axilla
• Scrotum
• Neck
• Arm
• Breast
CRIME SCENE
RECONSTRUCTION
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Re-evaluate Witness Statement
Conduct Scene Analysis
Review Results of Evidence
Apply New Technology
Search Missing Clues
Develop New Leads
Crime Scene
Physical
evidence
Pattern
evidence
Literature & data
Collection of
information
Reports & Records
Investigate Report
Witness’s statements
Hypothesis
Coordination
of information
Logic
Theory
Pattern
evidence
Reconstruction
Verification of
information
Physical
evidence
Types of Bite Marks
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Single Tooth Impression
Multiple Teeth Impressions
Bruise or Rub Pattern
Sucking Marks
Laceration
Avulsion of Tissue
Prove / Disprove Alibi
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Direct/Indirect Involvement
Sequence of Events
Self Defense vs. Homicide
Location / Position Verification
Active/Passive Scene
Organized/Disorganized Scene
Primary/Secondary Scene
Variations Factors
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Skin factor
Distortion factors
Direction and amount of force
Action and Reaction
Variability of Force
Variability of Movement
Reproducibility of the Pattern
Teeth Variability
Subsequent Alterations
Expert Opinions
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Different
Consistent with
Similar to
Possible
Probable
To a reasonable Dental Certainty
Match
Can not be determine