Myers’ Psychology for AP*
David G. Myers
PowerPoint Presentation Slides
by Kent Korek
Germantown High School
Worth Publishers, © 2010
*AP is a trademark registered and/or owned by the College Board, which was not involved in the production of, and does not endorse, this product.
Unit 8B:
Motivation and Emotion:
Emotions, Stress and Health
Unit Overview
•
•
•
•
•
Theories of Emotion
Embodied Emotion
Expressed Emotion
Experienced Emotion
Stress and Health
Click on the any of the above hyperlinks to go to that section in the presentation.
Theories of Emotion
Theories of emotions
• Emotion
–Physiological arousal
–Expressive behavior
–Conscious
experience
• Common sense
theory
Theories of emotions
• James-Lange theory
Theories of emotions
• James-Lange theory
Theories of emotions
• James-Lange theory
Theories of emotions
• Cannon-Bard theory
Theories of emotions
• Cannon-Bard theory
Theories of emotions
• Two-factor theory
–Schachter-Singer
Theories of emotions
• Two-factor theory
–Schachter-Singer
Theories of emotions
• Two-factor theory
–Schachter-Singer
Theories of emotions
Embodied Emotion
Emotions and the Autonomic
Nervous System
• Autonomic nervous system
–Sympathetic nervous system
• arousing
–Parasympathetic nervous system
• Calming
–Moderate arousal is ideal
Emotions and the Autonomic
Nervous System
Emotions and the Autonomic
Nervous System
Emotions and the Autonomic
Nervous System
Physiological Similarities Among
Specific Emotions
• Different movie experiment
Physiological Differences Among
Specific Emotions
• Differences in brain activity
–Amygdala
–Frontal lobes
• Nucleus accumbens
–Polygraph
Cognition and Emotion
Cognition Can Define Emotion
• Spill over effect
–Schachter-Singer experiment
• Arousal fuels emotions, cognition
channels it
Cognition and Emotion
Cognition Does Not Always Precede Emotion
• Influence of the amygdala
Expressed Emotion
Detecting Emotion
• Nonverbal cues
–Duchenne smile
Gender, Emotion, and Nonverbal
Behavior
Gender, Emotion, and Nonverbal
Behavior
Culture and Emotional Expression
Levels of Analysis for the Study of
Emotion
Levels of Analysis for the Study of
Emotion
Levels of Analysis for the Study of
Emotion
Levels of Analysis for the Study of
Emotion
The Effects of Facial Expressions
• Facial feedback
Experienced Emotion
Fear
• Adaptive value of fear
• The biology of fear
–amygdala
Anger
• Anger
–Evoked by events
–Catharsis
–Expressing anger
can increase anger
Happiness
• Happiness
–Feel-good, do-good phenomenon
–Well-being
Happiness
The Short Life of Emotional Ups and Downs
• Watson’s studies
Happiness
Wealth and Well-Being
Happiness
Wealth and Well-Being
Happiness
Two Psychological Phenomena: Adaptation and Comparison
• Happiness and Prior Experience
–Adaptation-level phenomenon
• Happiness and others’ attainments
–Relative deprivation
Happiness
Predictors of Happiness
Stress and Health
Introduction
• Health psychology
• Behavioral medicine
Stress and Illness
• Stress
–Stress appraisal
Stress and Illness
The Stress Response System
• Selye’s general adaptation
syndrome (GAS)
–Alarm
–Resistance
–exhaustion
Stress and Illness
General Adaptation Syndrome
Stress and Illness
General Adaptation Syndrome
Stress and Illness
General Adaptation Syndrome
Stress and Illness
General Adaptation Syndrome
Stress and Illness
Stressful Life Events
• Catastrophes
• Significant life changes
• Daily hassles
Stress and the Heart
• Coronary heart disease
• Type A versus Type B
–Type A
–Type B
Stress and Susceptibility to Disease
• Psychophysiological illnesses
• Psychoneuroimmunology (PNI)
–Lymphocytes
• B lymphocytes
• T lymphocytes
–Stress and AIDS
–Stress and Cancer
The End
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• Please feel free to contact me at kkorek@germantown.k12.wi.us with
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Kent Korek
Germantown High School
Germantown, WI 53022
262-253-3400
kkorek@germantown.k12.wi.us
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Definition
Slides
Emotion
= a response of the whole organism,
involving (1) physiological arousal, (2)
expressive behaviors, and (3) conscious
experience.
James-Lange Theory
= the theory that our experience of emotion
is our awareness of our physiological
responses to emotion-arousing stimuli.
Cannon-Bard Theory
= the theory that an emotion-arousing
stimulus simultaneously triggers (1)
physiological responses and (2) the
subjective experience of emotion.
Two-factor Theory
= the Schachter-Singer theory that to
experience emotion one must (1) be
physically aroused and (2) cognitively
label the arousal.
Polygraph
= a machine, commonly used in attempts to
detect lies, that measure several of the
physiological responses accompanying
emotion (such as perspiration and
cardiovascular and breathing changes).
Facial Feedback
= the effect of facial expressions on
experienced emotions, as when a facial
expression of anger or happiness
intensifies feelings of anger or happiness.
Catharsis
= emotional release. The catharsis
hypothesis maintains that “releasing’
aggressive energy (through action or
fantasy) relieves aggressive urges.
Feel-Good Do-Good
Phenomenon
= people’s tendency to be helpful when
already in a good mood.
Well-being
= self-perceived happiness or satisfaction
with life. Used along with measures of
objective well-being (for example, physical
and economic indicators) to evaluate
people’s quality of life.
Adaptation-level Phenomenon
= our tendency to form judgments (of
sounds, of lights, of income) relative to a
neutral level defined by our prior
experience.
Relative Deprivation
= the perception that we are worse off
relative to those with whom we compare
ourselves.
Behavioral Medicine
= an interdisciplinary field that integrates
behavior and medical knowledge and
applies that knowledge to health and
disease..
Health Psychology
= a subfield of psychology that provides
psychology's contribution to behavioral
medicine.
Stress
= the process by which we perceive and
respond to certain events, called
stressors, that we appraise as threatening
or challenging.
General Adaptation Syndrome
(GAS)
= Selye’s concept of the body’s adaptive
response to stress in three phases –
alarm, resistance, exhaustion.
Coronary Heart Disease
= the clogging of the vessels that nourish the
heart muscle; the leading cause of death
in North America.
Type A
= Friedman and Rosenman’s term for
competitive, hard-driving, impatient,
verbally aggressive, and anger-prone
people.
Type B
= Friedman and Rosenman’s term for
easygoing, relaxed people.
Psychophysiological Illness
= literally, “mind-body” illness; any stressrelated physical illness, such as
hypertension and some headaches.
Psychoneuroimmunology (PNI)
= the study of how psychological, neural,
and endocrine processes together affect
the immune system and resulting health.
Lymphocytes
= the two types of white blood cells that are
part of the body’s immune system; B
lymphocytes form in the bone marrow and
release antibodies that fight bacterial
infections; T lymphocytes form in the
thymus and other lymphatic tissue and
attack cancer cells, viruses, and foreign
substances.