Theories & Models for
Public Intervention
HSC 489
Why theory? Why models?
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Provides a foundation
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Saves time & effort
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Furthers the profession
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Strengthens future efforts
Remember this? :
Theory versus Model
A theory is…
 Summary of formal
or informal
observations
presented in a
systematic way
 Helps to explain,
predict, describe, or
manage behavior
 developed over time
A model is…
 based on a theory
 A how to
 A framework
(guidelines) for
intervention
The Parts of A Theory
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Concepts – the primary elements of the
theory
Constructs – a concept developed or
adopted for use in a particular theory
Variables – operational forms of
constructs (determine how a construct
will be measured)
Some Useful Theories/Models
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Stimulus Response Theory
Social Cognitive Theory
Theory of Reasoned Action
Theory of Planned Behavior
Health Belief Model
Transtheoretical Model (SofC)
Stimulus Response Theory
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Based on (classical & instrumental)
Conditioning
Learning results from events (reinforcements)
Consequences of behavior
Reinforcement (Negative and Positive)
or
Punishment (Negative and Positive)
Social Cognitive Theory: Efficacy +
Outcome Expectations
Efficacy Expectations:
 Self-efficacy
 Believe you can!
 It’s not self-esteem
 It’s task-specific
 Developed through
shaping
Outcome Expectations:
 Believe it will make a
difference!
 Reciprocal
determinism: person,
behavior,
environment
 Locus of control:
internal vs. external
Individuals become more selfefficacious in 4 ways:
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Thru performance accomplishments
Thru vicarious experience
A result of verbal persuasion
Thru emotional arousal arousal
Three More Theories/Models: In
A Nutshell...
Theory of Reasoned
Action
Short Version of TPB
Health Belief Model
Perceived threat =
perceived susceptibility +
perceived severity
Perceived barriers
Transtheoretical Model
Stages of Change Theory
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•
•
•
•
Precontemplation
Contemplation
Preparation
Action
Maintenance
Decisional Balance
Self-Efficacy
Processes of Change
What was that?!
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Stimulus Response T.
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Social Cognitive T.
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T. of Reasoned Action
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T. of Planned Behavior
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Health Belief M.
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Transtheoretical M.
Intervention Ideas
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Use micro & macro
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Build incentives,
attach to rewards
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Avoid scare tactics
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Avoid mandates
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Shape behaviors
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Foster ownership
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Use social support
Resources
Theory at a Glance: A Guide for Health
Promotion Practice (NIH pub)
http://cancer.gov/cancerinformation/theoryat-a-glance
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