A Comparative Phytochemical
and Physicochemical Evaluation:
Tikta-anguna, Kiri-anguna and
Jeewanti
Sujatha Hewageegana
Menuka Arawwawala
Anurakumara Tissera
Sami Ariyawansa
Induragare Dammaratana
1
Introduction
Objectives
Materials and Methods
Results
Conclusion
2
Introduction
Tikta-anguna and Kiri-anguna (Behet anguna)
Both come under one botanical name Wattakaka volubilis (Linn.f)
Family: Asclepiadaceae
• Both creepers are large twining shrubs, with long
glabrous branches, Leaves thin, ovate
1. Bitter variety
2. Sweet variety
3
Wattakaka volubilis
Tikta anguna
Kiri anguna (Behet anguna)
4
• Parts Used:
• Leaves, roots and tender stalks are used
• Actions and common uses:
• Leaves are used for boils and abscesses as an application
• Roots and tender stalks are used for expectorant properties in
Ayurveda and traditional medicine
• Lactogenic
• Aphrodisiac
• Sweet variety –cooling and Tonic
5
Jeewanti
Leptadenia reticulate (Retz) Wight and Arn.
Family : Asclepiadaceae
A much - branched twining
shrub,
branches
numerous
and younger ones glabrous,
Leaves thin, ovate
6
L. reticulate
• Parts Used:
Both roots and leaves
Actions and common uses:
Both roots and leaves - Skin infections, wounds
Leaves - cough, as a respiratory stimulant,
Lactogenic
Aphrodisiac
Cooling and Tonic
7
Research background : Ayurvedic texts contain lot of
simple and effective as well as both externally and
internally used medicinal preparations, containing
Jeewanti (L. reticulata)
Jeewanti is found in most parts of India, but it is not
available in Sri Lanka
We had to find a most suitable substitute for Jeewanti
8
• According to literature survey and the
conversation with Senior Scientist in charge,
Haldummulla Research Gardens, we were
able to find morphologically, nearly similar
two plants (Tikta-anguna and Kiri-anguna) for
Jeewanti
• In addition, they have similar practices for
disease conditions
9
Comparison of the Two plants L. reticulate and W. volubilis
L. reticulate
W. volubilis
Family
Asclepiadaceae
Asclepiadaceae
Classical names
Jivanti, Svarnajivanti,
Tittajivanti
Hemajivanti, Sujivanti,
Svarnajivantika
Morphology
Many similarities
Many similarities
Common uses
Skin ailments
Respiratory tract infections
ENT disorders
Lactogenic
Burning sensation
Antipyretic
Use for poisoning
Aphrodisiac
Increase urination
Skin ailments
Respiratory tract infections
ENT disorders
Lactogenic
Burning sensation
Antipyretic
Use for poisoning
Aphrodisiac
Increase urination
10
Purpose of this study was to investigate the
possibility of using Tikta-anguna and Kirianguna as substitutes for Jeewanti
11
Objectives

To compare the phytochemical parameters of
W. volubilis (Tikta-anguna and Kiri-anguna) and
L. reticulata (Jeewanti)

To compare the physicochemical parameters of
W. volubilis (Tikta-anguna and Kiri-anguna) and
L. reticulata (Jeewanti)

To compare the fingerprint profiles of W. volubilis
(Tikta-anguna and Kiri-anguna) and L. reticulata
(Jeewanti)
12
Materials and Methods
W. volubilis (both varieties) were collected from Colombo, Sri
Lanka
Authentication was done by Scientist , Botany Division, BMARI,
Navinna, Maharagama
Voucher specimen No : W 2561
L. reticulata was collected from Jamnagar, India
Authentication was done by Botanist, Vidyaratnam Foundation
(Research and Development Section), Thrissur, Kerala, India,
according to the standards of Ayurveda Pharmacopeia in India
13
Plant materials
• Plant materials (leaves with tender stalk) were
shade dried and cut into small pieces
Then prepared the powder using the grinder
• Materials were kept in air tight containers until
used
14
Screening of Phytochemical compounds
 Presence /Absence of
• Phenolic compounds
Flavanoids
Tannins
• Coumarins
• Alkaloids
• Saponins
• Steroid glycosides
15
• Determination of physicochemical
parameters
Physicochemical parameters were evaluated
according to WHO standards
16
Extractable matter in
Hot Water Extract (HWE)
Hot Ethanol Extract (HEE)
Cold Water Extract (CWE)
Cold Ethanol Extract (CEE)
% Extractable mater = Weight of extract x 100
Weight of sample
17
Ash Content :
1. % Total ash
=
Ash Weight
x 100
Weight of sample
2. % Acid-insoluble ash = Acid insoluble Ash Weight x 100
Weight of sample
3. % Water-soluble ash =
Total Ash Weight - water insoluble residue in total ash x 100
Weight of sample
18
TLC fingerprint profiles of W. volubilis and L. reticulata
• Extract - methanol extract
• Plant material - 4.0 g
• Extracts were spotted on a silica gel plate and TLC
fingerprints were developed using
Dichloromethane: Ethyl acetate: Cyclohexane
(40:1:10 v/v/v)
• Vanillin-sulphuric acid reagent was used for colour
development
19
Statistical analysis
• Data were analyzed by using Mann Whitney
test and findings of p<0.05 was considered to
indicate statistical significance
• All data were presented as mean ± SEM
• All the values were express as dry weight of
the sample and they were performed in
triplicate for accuracy
20
Results
Table 1 : Phytochemical classes of W. volubilis varities and L. reticulata
Phytochemical
Presence or Absence of Phytochemicals Classes
Tikta-anguna
Classes
Kiri-anguna (Behet-anguna)
Jeewanti
(HWE)
(HEE)
(CWE)
(CEE)
(HWE)
(HEE)
(CWE)
(CEE)
(HWE)
(HEE)
(CWE)
(CEE)












Saponins

-

-

-

-

-

-
Flavanoids

-
-
-

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Steroid glycosides












Tannins












Coumarin


-
-


-
-




Alkaloids
-

-
-
-

-
-
-

-
Phenolic
compounds
21
-
• Screening of phytochemical compounds of
(a) cold and hot ethanol and water extracts of W. volubilis and
L. reticulata revealed the presence of phenolic compounds,
tannins, and steroids
(b) cold and hot water extracts of W. volubilis and L. reticulata
revealed the presence of saponins
(c) cold and hot ethanol and water extracts of L. reticulata and
hot extracts of W. volubilis revealed the presence of coumarin
(d) In addition, hot water extract of W. volubilis contained
flavanoids
22
Table 2: Physicochemical parameters of Wattakaka volubilis and Leptadenia
reticulata
Physico-chemical
W. Volubilis (%) - (Dry wt basis) L. Reticulata (%)
parameters
Tikta anguna
Kiri anguna
(Behet anguna)
(Dry wt basis)
(Jeewanti)
Hot water extractable matter
37.37± 0.56
31.67 ± 0.33
31.54 ± 0.46
Hot ethanol extractable matter
19.62± 0.10
3.36 ± 0.05
13.19 ±0.42*
Cold water extractable matter
7.99± 0.04
7.01± 0.28
5.99 ± 0.49
Cold ethanol extractable matter
1.55± 0.02
1.37 ± 0.05
6.34± 0.13*
Total ash content
11.80± 0.07
16.46± 0.11
16.63 ± 0.30*
Acid-insoluble ash Content
0.91± 0.02
0.81± 0.01
2.30 ± 0.02*
Water-soluble ash Content
5.76± 0.21
6.11 ± 0.06
6.13 ± 0.03
23
Following three physicochemical parameters of Jeewanti
were significantly different from that of Tikta-anguna and
Kiri-anguna
1. Hot and Cold Ethanol Extractable matter
2. Total ash Content
3. Acid-insoluble ash Content
24
3. TLC fingerprint profiles of Tikta-anguna, Kiri-anguna and Jeewanti
1
2
3
1
2
2µL
2µL
2µL
2µL
2µL
Wave length – at 254 nm
3
2µL
After spraying
Vanillin -sulphuric acid
1. L. reticulata (Jeewanti )
2. W. volubilis (Kiri-anguna)
3. W. volubilis (Tikta-anguna)
25
TLC- densitogram fingerprint of Tikta-anguna, Kiri-anguna and Jeewanti,
at 254 nm
Red – Tikta anguna (W. volubilis)
Blue – Kiri anguna (W. volubilis)
Green – Jeewanti (L. reticulata)
26
According to TLC fingerprints of
Tikta-anguna,
Jeewanti,
Kiri-anguna
similar
and
compounds
were identified in three samples
27
According to the results of this study,
phytochemical parameters, physicochemical
parameters and fingerprint profiles of Tiktaanguna and Kiri-anguna have very similar
properties and they are similar to Jeewanti
also
28
conclusions
• As this study reveals, Tikta-anguna, Kiri-anguna and Jeewanti
have more similarities in terms of phytochemical parameters,
physicochemical parameters and fingerprint profiles
• Therefore, both Tikta-anguna and Kiri-anguna can be used as
substitutes for Jeewanti in ayurvedic preparations
29
According to traditional medicine, Kiri-anguna (Behet-anguna) is
commonly used for medicinal preparations
Further, Kiri-anguna (behet-anguna) can be considered as the
“sweet variety” of W. volubilis and it has similar properties such
as GUNA (Quality), RASA (Taste), VIPAK (Metabolism), VIRYA
(Potency), PRABHAV (Impact) to Jeewanti
• After considering all, we can conclude that kiri-anguna (behetanguna) is much better to use as a substitute for Jeewanti
30
References
• Parangepe, P., Indian medicinal Plants, 2005, Chaukhamba Sanskrit
Pratishthan, Delhi.pp 116-117
• Jayaweera, D.M.A., Medicinal Plants (Indigenous and Exotic) Used in
Ceylon, 2006, The National Science Foundation, Sri Lanka, pp 225
• Kirtikar, K. R., Basu, B. D., Indian Medicinal Plants- volume III, 1996,Valley
offset printers and publishers, Dehra Dun, pp 2267-2268
• Senaratna, L. K., A Check List of Flowering Plants of Sri Lanka, 2001, The
National Science Foundation, Sri Lanka, pp 46
• Sharma, P.C., Yelne, M.B., Dennis, T.J., Database on Medicinal plants used in
Ayurveda, 2002, Central Council for Research in Ayurveda and Siddha, New
Delhi. Pp 270-272
31
Acknowledgement
• Mr Piyal Marasingha – Senior scientist , Dept of Ayurveda
• Dr. Sudeesh Kumar and the Vidyaratnam Foundation
(Research and Development Section), Thrissur, Kerala, India
• Industrial Technology Institute
• National Centre for Advanced Studies for Humanities and
Social Sciences (NCAS)
32
33
•
•
•
•
•
Rasa
Guna
Veerya
Vipaka
Prabhawa
» Jeewanti
Tikta-anguna
(Bitter verity)
Kiri-anguna
(Sweet verity)
Madhura
Laghu, Snigdha
sheeta
Madhura
Jivniya
Katu, Tikta
Ruksha, Laghu
Ushna
Katu
Madhura
Laghu, ……
Sheeta
Madhura