Nancy Bayley 1899 - 1994 History & Zeitgeist Zeitgeist: Nancy Bayley ► September 28, 1899-- Nancy Bayley born 1916-- Congress 1917-- Picketing for suffrage 1920-- 19th Amendment; League of Women Voters Zeitgeist: Nancy Bayley ► 1922-- B.S. University of Washington 1923-- Equal Rights Amendment proposed ► 1924-- M.S. in psychology University of Washington 1925-- First woman governor ► 1926-- Ph.D., University of Iowa & Instructor, University of Wyoming 1933-- First woman in U.S. cabinet Zeitgeist: Nancy Bayley’s Career ► 1933-- First woman in U.S. cabinet ► 1941-1945-- WW II ► 1942-- Women in military ► 1954-- NIMH ► 1963-- Equal Pay Act ► 1963-- Feminist movement ► 1964-- Civil Rights Act Zeitgeist: Nancy Bayley’s Career ► 1966: Distinguished Scientific Contribution ► 1966-- NOW ► 1971-- APA Stanley Hall Award ► 1972-- Title IX ► 1972-- Equal Rights Amendment ► 1973-- Row v. Wade ► 1981-- Supreme Court ► 1982-- APF Gold Medal ► 1993-- Attorney General ► 1993-- Sexual Harassment ► 1994-- Nancy Bayley Dies Professional Obstacles Early 20th century for women 1903- Women’s Trade Union League 1920- Woman Suffrage, 19th Amendment. 1941-1945, WWII 1964- Civil Rights Act Nancy Bayley, Early on ► Did not start school until she was 8 ► Made up two years by age 10 ► Completed schooling quickly The 20th century for women in academia Salary: Men > Women across the board Major universities 1960: 6.6% women, 2.6% full professorships Tenured positions: Men > Women Women typically clustered at the lower ranks Women in academia, cont Degrees earned, slight + trend from 1900 to 1971 Employment status of PhD’s 1960-1973 Struggles, cont. hugely successful lived through a time of change for women apparently unaffected awards, accomplishments Experiments and Research Berkeley Growth Study ► Factors that do not influence IQ Health ► Sex ► Nursery school attendance ► Birth order ► Only child ► Divorced parents ► Shy children ► Berkeley Growth Study ► Followed ► Mental development through adulthood growth stabilizes ≈ 4 years Bayley Scales of Infant Development ► ► Assesses development between 1 month to 3.5 years Mental, Motor, and Behavior Rating Scales ► Standard for infant assessment ► Standardization of 1400 infants sample Bayley Scales of Infant Development ► Reliability First year .63-.93 split half First year >.55 test-retest ► Good Validity Strengths and Weaknesses Strengths ► Measurement & Ethics ► Naturalistic observation Did not rely on one testing session Concerned with welfare of participants Bayley scales can be used with Normal, High risk, and MR infants Weaknesses ► No adult scales ► Weak ► IQ for lower preschool age not highly predictive before age 4 Influences Physical Development ► Predicting adult size from infant size Sex, height, skeletal age, & velocity of growth Accurate within 1-inch Height chart still in use Motor & Mental Development ► 1940 - Rapid growth in infancy due to Nervous system growth Stronger muscles Change in body proportions ► These ideas were proven in 1980’s Bayley Scales of Infant Development