Biological Parents
• Pregnancy
- planned
- unplanned
• IVF and GIFT
Social Parents
• Adoption
• Fostering
• Step – parenting
• Surrogacy
What does it involve?
 Advantages?
 Disadvantages?

What does it involve?
 Advantages?
 Disadvantages?

What does it involve?
 Advantages?
 Disadvantages?

Preparations for becoming a parent or
carer
• Physical – prenatal considerations for
parent and child health.
• Social changes parents and carers may
have to make.
• Emotional preparations for the new
relationships.
• Economic
When planning a pregnancy – do your
homework!
 Understand what to expect not only
during pregnancy and birth but after!
 Books, classes, people etc.
 Being as healthy as possible for
conception and pregnancy is very
important for both males and females.


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MALES
Stop smoking.
Reduce alcohol
consumption (reduces
sperm production).
Check genitals for
infection.
Reduce stress as it can
effect sperm production.
Balanced diet.

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FEMALES
Stop smoking.
Prescriptive and nonprescriptive medications
can harm a developing
embryo.
Check for urinary tract
infections.
Reduce stress as it can
interfere with ovulation.
Balanced diet – extra folic
acid is best to reduce the
chances of spina bifida.

Parents/carers may experience many
health problems due to their caring
responsibilities, including physical injuries
from lifting and chronic tiredness from 24
hour care.

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After the birth of a baby priorities change and
usually an extensive social calendar is not as
important.
Leaving the house now requires more
organisation.
Baby sitters.
Being at home can leave you feeling isolated.
Friends may change (those who also have
children)
Parents should share parenting responsibilities.
Parents/carers may feel frustrated and
distressed and social isolation.

Pregnancy – life may change after the
birth of a child, tiredness, hormone
changes, financial stress can all cause
issues between parents/carers.
Costs!!!
 Doctors bills
 Maternity clothes.
 “Things for the baby”
 Food items (bottle fed)
 Baby sitters.
 Housing.
 Maternity leave.
 Assistance for parents/carers.

Examine current and future areas for
development necessary as a
consequence of becoming a parent or
carer??
Dependents affected by the caring
relationship.
 Resources.
 Access to services.

Examine how effective resource
management impacts on parenting ad
caring and propose strategies for
parents and carers in different situations.
RIGHTS.
 RESPONSIBILITIES.
 SOURCES OF CONFLICT BETWEEN
PARENTS AND CHILDREN, CARERS AND
CARED FOR.


RIGHTS

RESPONSIBILITIES
-
To be respected and given
recognition of their role.
-
Duty of care (all needs of the
child, or person being cared
for must be met)
-
Set limits on behaviour and
initiate standards.
-
Set a series of consequences
for each inappropriate action.
-
Respect for their authority, as
well as autonomy.
-
Consequences should be age
appropriate and reflect the
seriousness of the
transgression.
-
Not to “neglect” or
“abuse”.....................physically,
psychologically or
emotionally.

RIGHTS

RESPONSIBILITIES
-
To be nurtured in a peaceful
environment, with love.
-
Treating their parents, other adults,
siblings and friends with respect,
courtesy and consideration.
-
Protected from the elements and
feel physically, emotionally and
psychologically safe.
-
Fostering positive relationships with
siblings.
-
Equality in education.
-
Respecting themselves and being
honest.
-
A name and a nationality.
-
-
Legal rights should be respected
and they should have the
opportunity to make decisions
about their future.
Acting in a responsible manner
when out in public, because their
behaviour reflects on the rest of
the family.
-
Keeping family issues within the
household.

NEW SOUTH WALES
Children and Young
Persons (Care and
Protection) Act 1998
INTERNATIONAL &
NATIONAL LEGAL RIGHTS

United Nations Convention
on the Rights of the
Child
-
Family Law Reform Act 1995
“all duties, powers, responsibilities and authority, which, by law, parents
have in relation to children”........automatic responsibility.
Basic responsibility is to care for and support dependants to the best of
their ability until the dependant becomes completely autonomous.
Responsibility only ceases with a court order, adoption, when the
dependant marries or 18 years of age.
Provide treatment for an intellectually disabled child up to 18 years.
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Parents, teachers and carers have a “duty of care”.
-
Set limits, within family and community standards.
Revise and adapt limits.
Discipline refers to guiding, teaching and leading by example.
According to the law, parents have the right to control their child’s
behaviour through the reasonable application of discipline.
Children should show courtesy and affection to parents, share in home
tasks, do their best at school, be loyal and honest, discuss issues and
share in family decision-making.

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HEALTH SERVICES
Offer advice and resources to manage
medical and healthy issues.
• Hospitals
• Tresillian Family Care
• Community nurses
• Karitane (Family care cottages)
• Health professionals

WELFARE AGENCIES
Provide resources to help meet the needs
of parents, carers and families.
• Salvation Army
• St Vincent de Paul Society
• Anglicare
• Mercy Family Life Centre
• Centacare
• Unitingcare Burnside

PARENTING GROUPS
Specific groups related to parenting that offer
advice, information and support for all
parents.
• Parentline
• Multiple Birth Asssociation
• The Australian Breastfeeding Association
• Lone Parent Family Support Service
• Parents without Partners
• Single Parent Family Association
• Fathers for Family Equity
• Foster Care Association NSW

COMMUNITY GROUPS
Associations in local areas that offer
services for parents and children to meet
their parenting needs.
• Playgroups
• Churches and spiritual groups
• Charity groups – World Vision
• Meals on Wheels

GOVERNMENT AGENCIES
Various levels of government offer
payments, services and advice to the
public.
• Department of Community Services
• Centrelink
• Department of Industrial Relations has a
Work and Family Unit

CHILD – CARE SERVICES
Provide care for children while the parent
works or has other responsibilities.
• Pre-schools
• Day-care centres
• Family Day Care
• Vacation care
• Before and after school care
• Nannies

CARER’S SUPPORT GROUPS
Specialise in offering advice and support
for carers.
• Carers NSW
• Counselling support services
• Respite

Examine what it means to be a parent..
 Examine the legal and social
implications of birth technologies and
social parenting.
 Discuss the variety of circumstances that
might lead to care.....assess implications
for planned and unplanned
circumstances...
 Investigate the significance of gender...

Examine current and future areas for
development necessary for a parent or
carer.
 Examine how effective resource
management impacts on parenting and
caring and propose strategies for
parents and carers......
 Investigate the impact each group may
have on the individual for whom they
care.

Critically analyse expectations of males
and females in parenting and caring roles
in a changing society.
 Examine each influence to determine its
effect on parenting and caring.....
 Explore the role they play when developing
a positive relationship in : caring for
someone or being cared for.
 Analyse a range of family weekly schedules
in order to determine the extent of
commitment that parenting and caring
requires.

Examine case studies to determine how
parents and carers manage multiple
roles. Propose strategies to assist parents
and carers......
 Analyse the rights and responsibilities of
parents, carers, children and other
persons........tension or conflict might
exist.
 Investigate implications of cultural and
gender differences in setting limits.

Recognise the differences that may exist
between the rights and responsibilities of
parents and those of carers in different
situations.
 Investigate a support service
- Target group
- Accessed?
- Cost
- Source of funding
