Best Practice in Early
Intervention in 2014
Moggie McGowan 02/05/14
www.iris-initiative.org.uk
1
Drivers for EIP in UK
•
•
•
•
•
•
Mental Health Policy/Modernisation/Transformation
UK and international research evidence for EI
Problems with TAU/late intervention
New treatments and Guidelines
Costs/Benefits research
Social Movements, campaigning and challenges to dominance
of the established paradigm
• Outcomes agenda and Performance Management
• Austerity?
2
Drivers for EIP in UK
•
•
•
•
•
•
Mental Health Policy/Modernisation/Transformation
UK and international research evidence for EI
Problems with TAU/late intervention
New treatments and Guidelines
Costs/Benefits research
Social Movements, campaigning and challenges to dominance
of the established paradigm
• Outcomes agenda and Performance Management
• Austerity?
3
The UK policy context
• NSF (1999): ‘By 2004 each EI service will have established it’s first team’ 2006 deadline
• National Plan (2000): 50 teams by 2004
• PIG (2001): ‘The overall service will be established during the lifespan of
the NSF.’
• NSF: Five Years On and Ten Years On (2004, 2007)
• Darzi Review (2008)
• New Horizons (2009)
• 2010…
• No Health without Mental Health (2011)
• Closing the Gap: Priorities for essential change in
mental health (DH 2014)
4
No Health without Mental Health
•
•
•
•
•
•
EIP is prominent within the current MH strategy:
Consolidating development and progress towards
comprehensive services
A greater emphasis on prevention and health
promotion
Increased focus on recovery and social/occupational
outcomes
Expanding the EI paradigm to other MH conditions
Increased emphasis on youth mental health
Performance shift to outcomes
5
Closing the Gap:
Priorities for essential change in mental health (DH 2014)
Increasing access to MH services:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
High-quality local MH services should be commissioned in
all areas
An information revolution
Clear waiting time limits for MH services
Tackle inequalities around access to MH services
900,000 people pa will benefit from psychological therapies
IAPT for children and young people
The most effective services will get the most funding
6
8.
9.
Choices for adults
Radically reduce the use of all restrictive practices and end the
use of high risk restraint
10. Friends and Family Test – including CAMHS
11. Poor quality services will be identified
12. Carers will be better supported and more involved
Integrating physical and mental health care
13. MH care and physical health care will be better integrated at
every level
14. Change the way frontline health services respond to self-harm
15. No-one experiencing a MH crisis should ever be turned away
7
Starting early to promote mental wellbeing and
prevent mental health problems
16. Better support to new mothers with postnatal depression
17. Schools will be supported to identify MH problems sooner
18. End the cliff-edge of lost support as children reach the age of 18
Improving the quality of life of people with
mental health problems
19. People with MH problems will live healthier and longer lives.
20. More people with MH problems will live in homes that support
recovery
8
Improving the quality of life of people with
mental health problems
21. A national liaison and diversion service for offenders
22. Service users who are victims of crime will be offered
enhanced support
23. Support employers to help more people remain in or move
into work
24. New approaches to help people move into work
25. Stamp out discrimination around mental health
9
Drivers for EIP in UK
•
•
•
•
•
•
Mental Health Policy/Modernisation/Transformation
UK and international research evidence for EI
Problems with TAU/late intervention
New treatments and Guidelines
Costs/Benefits research
Social Movements, campaigning and challenges to dominance
of the established paradigm
• Outcomes agenda and Performance Management
• Austerity?
10
Research Evidence and EIP
Key Research Findings:
• Delayed treatment has serious consequences
• Early intervention can reduce long term
morbidity
• Late intervention and disability is costly
• Substantially reduced life expectancy with TAU
11
International Research:
•
•
•
•
•
Patrick McGorry, Alison Yung (Aus)
Tom McGlashan, Tandy Miller (USA)
TK Larsen, Jan Johannessen (Norway)
Max Birchwood et al (UK)
Nick Tarrier,Tony Morrison, Paul French (UK)
12
NICE 2009 review of Schizophrenia
“Early intervention can be effective with benefits lasting at least
2 years" (p79)
And went on to say...
"Despite the fact that CMHTs remain the mainstay of community
mental health care, there is surprisingly little evidence to show
that they are an effective way of organising services" (p336).
http://www.nice.org.uk/nicemedia/pdf/CG82FullGuideline.pdf
13
NICE 2014 review of Psychosis and
Schizophrenia
“EIS more than any other services developed to date, are
associated with improvements in a broad range of critical
outcomes, including relapse rates, symptoms, quality of
life and a better experience for services”. (p551)
http://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/index.jsp?action=download&o=64924
14
Physical Health
People with serious mental illnesses die on average
20 years earlier
• Antipsychotic medications are associated with substantial
weight gain. (Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 2009)
• Olanzapine and Aripriprazole induced insulin resistance
(Diabetes, July 8 2013 American Diabetes Association)
• Children and young people prescribed antipsychotics had an
increased risk of type 2 diabetes that increased with
cumulative dose (JAMA, August 21 2013)
• 59% of patients with FEP use tobacco at time of presentation
(Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, in press)
15
Lethal Discrimination
• More than 40% of all tobacco is smoked by people with
mental illness, but they are less likely to be given support to
quit.
• Fewer than 30% of people with schizophrenia are being given
a basic annual physical health check.
• People gain an average of 13lbs in the first two months of
taking antipsychotic medication and this continues over the
first year.
• Despite this, in some areas 70% of people in this group are
not having their weight monitored.
• Many health professionals are failing to take people with
mental illness seriously when they raise concerns about their
physical health.
www.rethink.org/lethaldiscrimination
16
Healthy Active Lives (HeAL) Declaration
Keeping the Body in Mind in Youth with Psychosis
• Young people experiencing psychosis have the same life expectancy and
expectations of life as their peers who have not experienced psychosis
• Young people experiencing psychosis, their family and supporters know
how to, and are consistently supported to, maintain physical health and
minimize risks associated with their treatment
• Concerns expressed by young people experiencing psychosis, their family
and supporters, about the adverse effects from the medicines used to
treat psychosis are respected and inform treatment decisions
• Health care professionals and their organisations work cohesively in a
united effort to protect and maintain the physical health of young people
experiencing psychosis
• Healthy active lives are promoted routinely from the start of treatment,
focusing on healthy nutrition and diet, physical and purposeful activity, and
reduced tobacco use
17
Lester UK Adaptation
An intervention framework for patients with psychosis on
antipsychotic medication
Positive Cardiometabolic Health Resource
http://www.rcpsych.ac.uk/pdf/RCP_11049_Positive%20Cardiometabolic%20
Health%20chart-%20website.pdf
18
Healthy Active
Lives (HeAL)
19
Bondi KBIM
Jackie Curtis, Early Psychosis Program, South Eastern Sydney Local Health District
Aim and background
Antipsychotic medication initiation in youth with
first-episode psychosis (FEP) induces rapid
clinically significant weight gain and
metabolic deterioration. This study evaluated the
effectiveness of early lifestyle intervention initiated
within four weeks of antipsychotic medication
commencement, in attenuating weight gain in FEP.
20
Results
• Significantly less weight gain at 12 weeks compared
to standard care
• Prevented gains in BMI and waistline
• Prevented deterioration in blood pressure, blood
lipid profiles, fasting blood glucose
• Clinically significant improvements in aerobic fitness
and reduced energy intake
• 13% of KBIM vs. 75% of standard care participants
experienced clinically significant weight gain
21
Conclusion
• Lifestyle intervention attenuates antipsychotic-induced weight
gain in youth with first-episode psychosis
• Including a skills-based lifestyle intervention as part of routine
care in youth with FEP may prevent the seeding of future
disease risk and reduce the life expectancy gap for people
living with serious mental illness.
• In order to achieve the Healthy Active Lives (HeAL)
Declaration target of health parity for youth with psychosis, it
is imperative young people with severe mental illness are
equipped with lifestyle knowledge and skill sets that will
preserve physical health.
Don’t just screen – Intervene!
22
Drivers for EIP in UK
•
•
•
•
•
•
Mental Health Policy/Modernisation/Transformation
UK and international research evidence for EI
Problems with TAU/late intervention
New treatments (NICE)
Costs/Benefits research
Social Movements, campaigning and challenges to dominance
of the established paradigm
• Outcomes agenda and Performance Management
• Austerity?
23
Consequences of delayed treatment
• Interference with
psychological and
social development
• Disruption of
study/employment
• Loss of self esteem
• Substance misuse
• Violence/criminal
activities
• Strain on
relationships
• Family distress
24
• Increased risk of
depression and
suicide
• Undesirable
pathways to care inc.
MHA
• Unnecessary
hospitalisation/IHT
• Secondary trauma
• Slower/less
complete recovery
• Treatment resistance
• Poorer prognosis
• Increased cost of
management
25
Drivers for EIP in UK
•
•
•
•
•
•
Mental Health Policy/Modernisation/Transformation
UK and international research evidence for EI
Problems with TAU/late intervention
New treatments and Guidelines
Costs/Benefits research
Social Movements, campaigning and challenges to dominance
of the established paradigm
• Outcomes agenda and Performance Management
• Austerity?
26
Latest Guidelines
• IRIS Guidelines (2012)
• Psychosis and Schizophrenia in Children and Young
People (2013) NICE Recognition and Management
Guideline (CG155)
• Psychosis and Schizophrenia in Adults (2014) NICE
Treatment and Management Guideline (CG178)
• IRIS Guidelines (2014)
27
Psychosis and
Schizophrenia in Adults
NICE Guideline (CG178, 2014)
28
Schizophrenia or Psychosis?
•
•
•
•
•
Schizophrenia is descriptive
It is a concept
Not a category based on consistent causation
A disease process has not been identified
‘There may be no more biological basis for
schizophrenia than there is a biological basis
for being Belgian’ (David Yeomans, 2013)
29
‘Psychosis’
The term ‘psychosis’ is used in this guideline
to refer to the group of psychotic disorders
that includes schizophrenia, schizoaffective
disorder, schizophreniform disorder and
delusional disorder.
30
What’s in?
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Early detection/prevention
CBT for psychosis AND at risk mental states
PTSD-psychosis link
Family interventions
Art Therapy
Supported Employment Programmes
Intensive Case Management (vs AOT)
Best practice prescribing (low dose, choice, coming off)
None?
Proper attention to social, education and developmental needs
Physical healthcare
Relapse prevention
EIP!
31
What’s out?
• Assertive Outreach
• 14-35
• New medicines
32
NICE 2014 on EI
• NICE define EI as ‘Pharmacological, psychological and arts therapies and
support for employment provided within an integrated team’.
• EI is better than comparators (standard care/CMHT) on a range of
outcomes, including reduced relapse rates, reduced hospital stay,
improvement in symptoms and quality of life and, importantly, EIS is
preferred to standard services
• EISs, more than any other services developed to date, are associated with
improvements in a broad range of critical outcomes, including relapse
rates, symptoms, quality of life and a better experience for service users
• The inclusion of evidence based psychological and pharmacological
treatments is the most likely explanation for the success of EIS.
• The impact of EIS can be lost within 12 months of discharge to CMHTs and
other community services
• Therefore, to maintain benefits, service users should either remain within
EIS for longer periods of time or community teams for people with
established psychosis (CMHT, ACT) will need to provide the same evidence
based treatments as EIS
33
IRIS Guidelines Update September 2012
Revision of the original 1998
IRIS Guidelines
www.iris-initiative.org.uk
34
‘The IRIS initiative was the inspiration behind the ground
breaking reforms scaled up across England over the past
decade which has seen early intervention for psychosis
become a standard feature of mental health care; the most
systematic demonstration of the value of early intervention in
psychiatry to date’
Patrick McGorry
Professor of Youth Mental Health, University of
Melbourne, Clinical Director of the ORYGEN
Research Centre
35
IRIS Guidelines Update
September 2012
• Captures and condenses the wisdom and experience gleaned
from a decade of English and international experience with this
new model of care
• Aimed at commissioners, service providers and clinicians
• Written and endorsed by experts in the field
• Lessons for the rest of the mental health field.
• Web based
• Clear, concise and user-friendly
• Direct in style – prescriptive where the evidence base is strong
• Interactive – web links to key related documents and websites
• Fully referenced
36
Geraldine Strathdee,
National Clinical Director for Mental Health, NHS England
‘The problem is not a lack of guidance!’
(National Psychosis Summit, 10th April 2014)
37
Drivers for EIP in UK
•
•
•
•
•
•
Mental Health Policy/Modernisation/Transformation
UK and international research evidence for EI
Problems with TAU/late intervention
New treatments and Guidelines
Costs/Benefits research
Social Movements, campaigning and challenges to dominance
of the established paradigm
• Outcomes agenda and Performance Management
• Austerity?
38
Cost Effectiveness
• Health economic evidence has accrued over
the past decade
• Direct and indirect costs
• Over three years the cost-per-case was
calculated at £26,568 for EIP and £40,816 for
CMHT care, a saving of £14,248 per case
(McCrone, 2009 and 2010).
39
40
Cost drivers in psychosis
• Direct cost to the public sector - Use of mental
health services - in particular inpatient time;
suicide.
• Other public services: criminal justice, welfare
• Wider societal costs: Employment - earnings
and taxation
• Family members employment earnings and
taxation
41
£12,198 per admission
Curtis, 2011; Hospital Episode Statistics online, 2011
42
Early Intervention Services reduce the probability of a
compulsory admission under the Mental Health Act:
From
44% to
23%
First 2 months
From
13%
to 6%
In each 2 month
period thereafter
43
Savings 2010/11 prices
£5,493
per
serviceuser
In the first year of
psychosis
www.rethink.org
Or
£15,742
per
serviceuser
For the first 3 years
of psychosis
44
Conclusions
 Early Intervention in Psychosis (EIP)
services in mental health are able to save
up to £65 million a year
 This 'invest to save' approach can begin to
release savings even within the first year of
service provision.
http://www.pssru.ac.uk/pdf/dp2745.pdf
45
MH promotion and
mental illness prevention: The economic case
• The economic and social costs of MH problems in England are
£105 billion p.a.
• 15 forms of prevention and early intervention in mental
health reviewed to gauge their economic value
• Many of these interventions are ‘outstandingly good value for
money’
• Early Intervention in Psychosis teams save the economy a
total of £18 for every pound spent on them
• Low in cost, saving public expenditure as well as radically
improving the quality of people's lives.
Department of Health/Centre for MH, 2011
46
Early Intervention
IN PSYCHIATRY
Early Intervention in Psychiatry, 3, 266-273
November 2009
McCrone P, Knapp M & Dhanasiri S.
Economic impact of services for first-episode psychosis: a decision
model approach.
70000
£61701
60000
Cost (£s)
50000
£37510
40000
30000
20000
EI
SC
£21006
£13045
10000
0
1-year
3-year
BME data
McCrone P., Knapp
M., & Dhanasiri S
unpublished 2007
47
Investing in Recovery
Making the business case for effective interventions for people with
schizophrenia and psychosis.
Supported by DH
48
The most up-to-date economic evidence to support the
business case for investment in effective, recoveryfocused services:
• Early Detection (ED)
services
• Early Intervention (EI) teams
• Individual Placement and
Support (IPS)
• Family therapy
• Criminal justice liaison and
diversion
• Physical health promotion,
including health behaviours
• Supported housing
• Crisis Resolution and Home
Treatment (CRHT) teams
• Crisis houses
• Peer support
• Self-management
• Cognitive Behavioural
Therapy (CBT)
• Anti-stigma and
discrimination campaigns
• Personal Budgets (PBs)
• Welfare advice
49
There is particularly clear evidence for interventions such as EI
teams, IPS for employment, CBT and CRHT teams
Examples
• Early Intervention: net savings of £6,780 per person after four
years. Over a ten-year period, £15 in costs can be avoided for
every £1 invested.
• Smoking cessation: £1,255 to gain an extra Quality-Adjusted
Life Year (QALY), which lies well below the upper threshold of
£30,000 recommended by National Institute for Health and
Care Excellence (NICE).
• Peer support: £4.76 can be gained for every £1 invested.
• CBT: Cost per QALY gained of £27,373 for CBT compared to
usual care, which is below the upper threshold used by NICE.
http://www.centreformentalhealth.org.uk/publications/investing_in_recovery.aspx?ID=704
50
Drivers for EIP in UK
•
•
•
•
•
•
Mental Health Policy/Modernisation/Transformation
UK and international research evidence for EI
Problems with TAU/late intervention
New treatments and Guidelines
Costs/Benefits research
Social Movements, campaigning and challenges to
dominance of the established paradigm
• Outcomes agenda and Performance Management
• Austerity?
51
‘Recovery is on the agenda, not clinical, or social recovery, but
personal recovery. The responsibility for recovery lies with us all;
professionals, users and carers and we can only achieve it by working
together. We can only achieve it by talking and listening to each other.
We can only achieve it through shifting the paradigm from one of
biological reductionism to one of societal and personal development.
Until we succeed, people will still be locked away from society because
they hear voices or have different beliefs. Until we succeed, people will
still be treated against their will. Until we succeed society will still fear
madness and until we succeed civilisation will remain uncivilised.
Recovery is our common goal, it is achievable now - let us not lose the
moment. Let us work together to make it happen. Let us go forward to
Recovery’
(Ron Coleman, 1999).
52
International Early
Psychosis Declaration (WHO)
• Respect of the right to recovery and social inclusion and
support to the importance of personal, social, educational and
employment outcomes.
• Respect of the strengths and qualities of young people with a
psychosis, their families and communities, encouraging
ordinary lives and expectations.
• Services that actively partner young people, their families and
friends to place them at the centre of care and service
delivery, at the same time sensitive to age, phase of illness,
gender, sexuality and cultural background.
• Use of cost-effective interventions.
• Respect of the right for family and friends to participate and
feel fully involved.
53
The Schizophrenia Commission
www.rethink.org
54
Early Intervention Services
“the great innovation of the last 10
years”
“the most positive development in mental
health services since the
beginning of community care.”
www.rethink.org
55
42 recommendations
22.
We recommend that all
Clinical
Commissioning Groups
commission Early
Intervention in Psychosis
services with sufficient
resources to provide
fidelity to the service
model.
www.rethink.org
56
Wednesday 12 March 2014
“The recent decision by NHS England and the health regulator Monitor to
recommend cutting funding for mental health services by 20% more than
that for acute hospitals completely contravenes the government's
promise to put mental and physical healthcare on an equal footing and
will put lives at risk.
Mental health is chronically underfunded. It accounts for 28% of the
disease burden, but gets just 13% of the NHS budget. Mental health
services are straining at the seams and these new cuts will mean support
is slashed in response to instructions from NHS England. This decision will
cost much more in the long term as it will drive up admissions to A&E
and the number of people reaching crisis and needing expensive hospital
care”.
Sean Duggan Chief executive, Centre for Mental Health, Jenny Edwards CEO, Mental Health Foundation,
Stephen Dalton Chief executive, Mental Health Network, Paul Farmer CEO, Mind, Mark Winstanley CEO,
Rethink Mental Illness, Professor Sue Bailey President of the Royal College of Psychiatrists
57
Lost Generation
Why young people
with psychosis are
being left behind and
what needs to change.
http://www.rethink.org/media/973932/LOST%20GENERATION%
20-%20Rethink%20Mental%20Illness%20report.pdf
58
Lost Generation
Budgets are being squeezed in half of all EIP services:
• 50% of services say their budget has decreased in the past
year.
• 17% say their budget has been reduced by 6-10%.
• 11% say they have faced cuts of 11-20% in the last year.
• No services say that their budget has increased in the last
year.
• 58% of services say they have lost staff in the past year.
• 53% of services say the quality of their service has decreased
in the past year.
59
Recommendations
• Young people experiencing psychosis need
guaranteed access to EIP support. The Government
must introduce a maximum waiting time for
accessing EIP services.
• NHS England must make provision of EIP services a
key priority for commissioners. To achieve this, it
should design CQUINs and other incentives to ensure
local commissioners reward good quality EIP
services.
• Clinical commissioning groups must ensure that they
commission the full EIP model, including specialist
employment and physical health care support.
60
Drivers for EIP in UK
•
•
•
•
•
•
Mental Health Policy/Modernisation/Transformation
UK and international research evidence for EI
Problems with TAU/late intervention
New treatments and Guidelines
Costs/Benefits research
Social Movements, campaigning and challenges to dominance
of the established paradigm
• Outcomes agenda and Performance Management
• Austerity?
61
UK Performance management
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
SHAs - weighted population
No.s teams
No.s clients
2006 deadline (and subsequent ‘refresh’)
DUP target…
Fidelity?
Outcomes?
62
IRIS outcome objectives
•
•
•
•
Duration of untreated
psychosis (delay)
Use of MHA
Admission/ Readmission
rates
Occupation rates
(employment and
education)
•
•
•
•
•
•
Recovery Rates
Suicide rates
Physical Health
Satisfaction
[Coverage inc. ARMS]
[Fidelity]
63
DUP change over time
Median DUP <1 month (2011)
64
Admissions within EI service
Combined mean admission days for Bradford is 70 (2010)
65
Admission Days under MHA section
(involuntary admissions in first engagement)
• 17% of White service users MHA
admission
• 36% of BME service users MHA
admission
EPD objective: The use of involuntary treatments in the
first engagement is less than 25%
66
Suicide Risk
Mean suicide rating (0=None 4=Severe
Problem)
Bar Graph Showing suicide ratings accross the three year service
4
3
2
1
0
Initial
Progressive 1 Progressive 2 Progressive 3 Progressive 4 Progressive 5
Assessment
Discharge
67
Occupation at Referral to EI
Occupation Status at Baseline
Employment
Higher education
Education
Other/ Training
NEET
16%
1%
1%
3%
79%
68
Occupation at Discharge from EI
Occupation Status at Discharge
Employment
Higher Education
Education
Other/ Training
NEET
16%
7%
47%
9%
21%
69
Destination at Discharge 2010/11
70
I HAVE FELT VALUED AND RESPECTED
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
YES
NOT SURE
NO
NOT APPLICABLE
71
I KNOW WHAT MY CARE
PLAN IS
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
YES
NOT SURE
NO
NOT APPLICABLE
72
MY FAMILY / CARERS / FRIENDS WERE GIVEN
ENOUGH HELP AND SUPPORT IN RELATION TO
MY PROBLEMS
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
YES
NOT SURE
NO
NOT APPLICABLE
73
I HAVE BEEN OFFERED TALKING TREATMENTS
e.g. PSYCHOTHERAPY, COUNSELLING, CBT
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
YES
NOT SURE
NO
NOT APPLICABLE
74
I HAVE BEEN PROVIDED WITH GOOD OPTIONS
FOR IF I AM IN CRISIS, WHICH HELPS ME AVOID
HOSPITAL ADMISSION
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
YES
NOT SURE
NO
NOT APPLICABLE
75
I HAVE BEEN OFFERED HELP IN RETURNING TO WORK,
COLLEGE OR UNIVERSITY AND BEING A SUCCESSFUL
EMPLOYEE / STUDENT
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
YES
NOT SURE
NO
NOT APPLICABLE
76
WOULD YOU BE HAPPY TO RECOMMEND THIS
SERVICE TO ANYONE YOU KNOW WHO IS GOING
THROUGH A SIMILAR EXPERIENCE?
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
YES
NEUTRAL
NO
77
I HAVE BEEN OFFERED A
PHYSICAL HEALTH CHECK
(BLOOD PRESSURE, BLOOD TESTS etc)
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
YES
NOT SURE
NO
NOT APPLICABLE
78
Professor Louis Appleby, National Director of Mental Health, reflecting on
the achievements of the National Service Framework, described EIP as the:
“Jewel in the crown of the NHS
mental health reform because
service users like it; people get
better; it saves money ”
Policies and Practice for Europe
(DH/WHO Europe conference
attended by 35 European Countries,
2009)
79
But….
80
Drivers for EIP in UK
•
•
•
•
•
•
Mental Health Policy/Modernisation/Transformation
UK and international research evidence for EI
Problems with TAU/late intervention
New treatments and Guidelines
Costs/Benefits research
Social Movements, campaigning and challenges to dominance
of the established paradigm
• Outcomes agenda and Performance Management
• Austerity?
81
AUSTERITY!
• While NHS funding remains stable across the
board, mental health trusts in England have
had their funding cut by more than 2% in real
terms over the past two years (£21bn)
• Local council cuts: 30% cuts 2008-2015
• NHS England and the health regulator Monitor
recommend cutting funding for mental health
services by 20% more than that for acute
hospitals in 2014
82
Better for Less?
•
•
•
•
QIPP
Cost savings are impacting on service provision
Tough decisions delegated to directorates and teams
Short term cost savings:
- Clumsy efficiency drives
- ‘Salami slicing’
- Loss of leadership
- Dumbing down
• Can we afford EIP in the current climate?
83
‘EIP is one of the keys to improving mental health services and
national mental wellbeing. The problem is that in these times of
intense spending pressures the incentives to invest in these
services risks being crowded out by much shorter term pressures.
Any decision to redesign community MH services must draw on
the evidence base and safeguard the important functions and
outcomes of EIP teams that make them so effective’.
Steve Shrubb, NHS Confederation, Director of the MH Network, 2011
84
Barriers and threats
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
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Funding (has never been easy)
Recession and cuts to public services
Commissioning changes
Established culture, hidden discourses and professional
opposition.
Resistance to change
Business culture (Foundation Trusts)
Risk aversion (clinical and business)
Command and control versus learning systems
Leadership and capacity for managing complex OD
Distrust of the evidence
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Opportunities
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Recession and cuts to public services
Commissioning changes
Genuine Transformation
Become more learning
Expand the evidence base
Filling the OD void
Partnerships
No Health without Mental Health and Closing the Gap
NHS Mandate & Parity of Esteem
Youth MH – expanding the paradigm
Campaigning: Comprehensive, not compromise, services
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‘The economic crisis is the biggest
driver of change today’
Steve Dahl, Deloitte Consulting
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