How does morality fit in?
GET MOVING ON
YOUR PROJECTS!
Yourmorals.org
 What did you think of the scale?
 Were your results as you expected?
 What are the differences between equity
and equality?
 What factors other than values might
affect how people respond?
 What leads people to have these values?
Haidt, 2012
 What is moral reasoning, according to
Haidt?
 What are examples of moral issues on
which we have automatic responses?
 How do we assess whether they are
automatic?
 Rider on an elephant metaphor—good
one? What does it suggest?
Development of morality
 What are the nativist vs. empiricist vs.
rationalism explanations?
 What are the implications of these approaches
(for where morality comes from, how to
change it, etc.)?
 Piaget
http://www.usefulcharts.com/psychology/piag
et-stages-of-cognitive-development.
 Kohlberg
http://www.usefulcharts.com/psychology/kohl
berg-stages-of-moral-development.html
Carol Gilligan’s stages
Gilligan's Stages of the Ethic of Care
Approximate Age
Stage
Range
Goal
not listed
Goal is individual
survival
Preconventional
Transition is from selfishness -- to -- responsibility to others
not listed
Conventional
Self sacrifice is
goodness
Transition is from goodness -- to -- truth that she is a
person too
maybe never
Postconventional
Principle of
nonviolence: do
not hurt others or
self
More research on moral
development
 What effects did these models have on
how people think about morality and
values?
 What did Turiel add? Shweder?
 What are sociocentric vs. individualistic
approaches to morality?
Haidt, Koller, & Dias, 1993
 What does data show in terms of how
children and adults in various cultures
think about morality?
 What are moral vs. social convention
violations?
 What do Haidt’s data suggest about class
and morality?
 What implications would this have?
 Why would these differences exist?
Haidt, J., Koller, S. H., & Dias, M. G. (1993). Affect, culture, and morality, or is it wrong to eat your dog? Journal of Personality and
Social Psychology, 65(4), 613-628. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.65.4.613
© 1993 American Psychological Association
Haidt, J., Koller, S. H., & Dias, M. G. (1993). Affect, culture, and morality, or is it wrong to eat your dog? Journal of Personality and
Social Psychology, 65(4), 613-628. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.65.4.613
© 1993 American Psychological Association
Haidt, J., Koller, S. H., & Dias, M. G. (1993). Affect, culture, and morality, or is it wrong to eat your dog? Journal of Personality and
Social Psychology, 65(4), 613-628. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.65.4.613
© 1993 American Psychological Association
Haidt, J., Koller, S. H., & Dias, M. G. (1993). Affect, culture, and morality, or is it wrong to eat your dog? Journal of Personality and
Social Psychology, 65(4), 613-628. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.65.4.613
© 1993 American Psychological Association
The worship of reason
 What are the possible relationships between reason
and emotion? Plato vs. Jefferson vs. Hume
 Which view does Haidt support?
 Roach juice and selling soul—why did only 30%
agree?
 Sibling sex and eating person—how do people
respond to these types of moral issues?
 What is Margolis’s distinction between “seeing
that” and “seeing why”?
 What are some political examples of how we use
moral reasoning to try to explain to others why
they should agree with us?
Changes in moral thinking
 How do moral decisions get made and
change in Haidt’s model?
 How does his model suggest we should try
to change opinions?
 Why doesn’t reasoning with someone
work?
Haidt’s evidence for automatic
intuition then justification
 1. Brains constantly evaluate.
 2. Social and political judgments are
especially like to be automatic.
 3. Bodies guide judgments.
 4. Psychopaths reason but don’t feel.
 5. Babies feel but don’t reason.
 6. Feelings are affected by outside
influences.
Accountability
 What is the idea of Tetlock’s intuitive
politician?
 When does accountability make us really
think through the issues?
 How does Leary’s “sociometer” idea fit in?
 When, what, and how well do we
rationalize?
 How do we vote, according to Haidt? How
would his approach explain poor people
voting for conservative policies, for
example?
Intuitions
 What else do our intuitions do for us?
What else is automatic and how does that
serve us?
 Are some people better at justifying than
others? What about at persuading/seeing
the other’s point of view?
 Why do we want to be seen as moral?
Comparisons
 Is Haidt’s approach consistent with other
approaches we’ve talked about this semester?
 Cognitive dissonance theory
 System justification
 TMT
 What other concepts seem familiar?
 What does Carnegie suggest? How does that
fit with research?
 How does Haidt view religion?