PASIG Bootcamp:
Image Formats
Robert Buckley
NewMarket Imaging/
University of Rochester
PASIG - Washington
22 May 2013
1
Summary
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Introduction to image formats
Short List
Container Formats
What is an image format?
3
Application
Format
ImageStream
Color Spec
Metadata
Sustainability Factors
4
Library of Congress
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Disclosure
Adoption
Transparency
Self documentation
External dependencies
Impact of patents
Technical protection mechanisms
The National Archives
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Ubiquity
Support
Disclosure
Documentation quality
Stability
Ease of identification & validation
Intellectual property rights
Metadata support
Complexity
Interoperability
Viability
Re-usability
System Sustainability Factors
5
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Cost
Implementation
User Experience
Originals
6
© R.M.N./Arnaudet –
J. Schormans
Image State
7
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Color Encoding
 Scene-
or original-referred
 Output-referred
 after
a rendering decision
Plus
 Image Encoding
 Uncompressed
 Losslessy compressed
 Lossy
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compressed (functionally lossless)
Metadata Encoding
Image Formats – Short List
8
Format Family
Format
Year
TIFF
TIFF 6.0 + extensions
1992
JPEG
Baseline
1993
PNG
W3C & ISO/IEC version
1996
JPEG 2000
JP2 - base file format
JPX, MJ2, JPM
2000
Raw
CR2, NEF, DNG, …
2004 (DNG)
PDF/A
A-1, 2, 3
2005
Use Models
9
Archival Master
Production Master and
Derivatives
Service File
Uncompressed TIFF
Multiple JPEGs
JPEG
Uncompressed TIFF
Lossy JPEG 2000
Lossless JPEG 2000
Lossless JPEG 2000
JPEG
Lossless JPEG 2000 + DNG
Lossy JPEG 2000
JPEG
Lossy JPEG 2000
Lossy JPEG 2000
JPEG
JPEG, PDF
Container Formats
10
Format
Contents
TIFF
Multiple page images
PDF/A
Multiple pages and page components
JPEG 2000 - JPX
Multiple images in x, y, z and t
MXF
- MJ2
Timed image sequence
- JPM
Multiple pages and image components
Audio and video streams
Multiple Images in a JPX Codestream
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Multiple Images in an MJ2 file
12
MXF
13
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Digital Cinema Package (DCP) uses lossy JPEG 2000
for image content
SAMMA migrates videotapes to MXF OP1a files with
lossless JPEG 2000 image content
FADGI A/V Working Group developing MXF AS-07
Application Specification for Archiving & Preservation
Wrap-up
14
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Only a small set of formats used for archival images
There is a growing need for compression
Expanding the notion of an image format
JPEG 2000 as a bridge between still image and
archival MXF formats
Questions? rob@newmarketimaging.com