Unit 8
Phrases Related to the Topic
Directions: The topic of this text is “dream”.
Please put the following words or phrases
into English.
• 1. 噩梦
• a nightmare
• 2. 白日梦
a daydream
• 3. 黄粱美梦
a fond dream
• 4. 痴心妄想
an idle dream
• 5. 一直以来的梦想
a long-cherished dream
• 6. 纯朴的梦想
• a simple dream
7. 长期的梦想
a longstanding dream
• 8. 虚无飘渺的梦想
• a distant dream
• 9. 做梦
have a dream
• 10. 实现某人的梦想
achieve / realize one’s dream
11. 解梦
interpret a dream
Warming-up Questions
• Pair Work
• Do you ever daydream? If so, what do you
daydream about?
• Are daydreams a waste of time?
• Can daydreaming ever lead to fame and
fortune?
Some Famous Figures
• Henry J. Kaiser: (1882 – 1967) American
industrialist
•
A brief introduction to Kaiser
• -- being the chairman of the executive
committee of the company formed to build
Hoover Dam (1931)
• -- establishing the first health maintenance
organization (1938)
• -- managing Pacific coast shipyards
(during World War II)
• -- being the chairman of Kaiser Industries,
an enterprise involving steel, aluminum,
and home building (1945~1967)
• Kaiser.mp3
Kaiser, Henry John, (1882 – 1967) was an American
industrialist. He organized his first construction company in
1913, soon entered the road-paving business, and by 1930
was a leader in the field. In 1931 he was named chairman of
the executive committee of the company formed to build
Hoover Dam. He also participated in the construction of
Bonneville, Grand Coulee, and Shasta dams and the San
Francisco–Oakland Bridge underwater foundations. In 1938,
he established the first health maintenance organization, the
Kaiser plan, for his shipyard employees; it served more than
a million people and became a model for later federal
programs. During World War II he managed Pacific coast
shipyards that handled a great deal of the wartime
shipbuilding for the U. S. government and dramatically
increased the speed of ship construction. From 1945 to his
death, he served as chairman of Kaiser Industries, an
enterprise involving steel, aluminum, and home building.
Florence Nightingale (1820 -1910)
A brief introduction to Nightingale
• -- serving in the Crimean War (1854)
• -- being called the “The Lady with the
Lamp”
• -- the first woman to be given the Order of
Merit (1907)
• -- establishing the Nightingale School and
Home for Nurses in London
• -- her book’s becoming the first definitive
textbook for the nursing field
• Florence Nightingale.mp3
Thomas Edison (1847 – 1931)
A brief introduction to Edison
Thomas Edison was one of the greatest inventors
and industrial leaders in history. Among his
nearly 1, 100 patents — the most ever issued to
one person — are the phonograph, which
became the first practical method of recording
and playing the back sounds, a motion picture
camera and projector, and the incandescent
lamp — an inexpensive and safe source of light
for everyday use in homes. Among Edison’s
greatest achievements was the development of
one of the first research laboratories. Here in
Menlo Park and West Orange, New Jersey,
Edison and his assistants developed thousands
of inventions.
Some quotations from Edison
• Genius is one percent inspiration, ninetynine percent perspiration.
• What a man’s mind can create, man’s
character can control.
• There is no substitute for hard work.
About Dream
1. Definitions of dream
• 1) sequence of scenes or feelings
occurring in the mind during sleep
• 2) state of mind in which things happening
around seem unreal
• 3) a wish to do or have something
• Read and appreciate “DREAMS” written by
Langston Hughes, then explain the meaning of
the word “dream” in this poem.
• Hold fast to dreams
• For if dreams die
• Life is a broken-winged bird
• That cannot fly
• Hold fast to dreams
• For when dreams go
• Life is a barren field
• Frozen with snow
In this poem “dream” refers to a wish to do or have
something.
Freud and his theories about dream
• --- He was an Austrian physician who
revolutionized ideas on how the human mind
works.
• --- He established the theory that unconscious
motives control a lot of behavior.
• --- His work has helped millions of patients who
are mentally ill.
• --- His theories have brought new approaches in
child rearing, education, and sociology and have
provided new themes for many authors and
artists.
• --- Most people in Western society view human
behavior at least partially in Freudian terms.
Main idea of his interpretation of
night dreams:
• 1) Dreams express the subconscious mind.
• 2) Dreams are absurd because our
conscious mind won’t acknowledge our
subconscious ideas thus disguises them.
• 3) In our dreams, we return to the modes
of thinking of childhood. Our thinking
becomes concrete, pictorial and illogical,
and expresses ideas and wishes we are
no longer conscious of.
1. What do you think is the meaning of the
word “daydream”?
Daydream is a pleasant dreamlike set of
thoughts during waking hours, often
drawing attention away from present
surroundings.
2. Is daydreaming a good thing or a bad
thing? Why?
Listen to the following passage and
write down every word you hear.
We often hear parents scold their children or
teachers criticize their students for
daydreaming. People usually take a
hostile attitude towards daydreaming
because they think daydreaming is a
waste of time and an escape from real life.
Well, daydreaming may sometimes be a
waste of time or an escape, but
daydreaming can also do us a lot of good.
Global Reading
• Part1 (1~3)
Attitudes towards daydreaming are
changing.
• Part2(4~5)
Daydreaming is as important as nighttime
dreams to mental health. Experiments
show that it has a lot of benefits.
• Part3(6~7)
Daydreaming is useful in shaping our future
lives.
• Part4(8~9)
the reason why a mental vision of success
would help to produce real success
• Part5(10~12)
the procedures or the steps of how to
daydream
• Part6(13~14)
Daydream a little each day but not be too
dependent on it.
Scanning
Scan the whole text and then find the
following people’s professions in the text.
Scanning
Directions: Scan the whole text and then find the following people’s
professions in the text.
Name
Dr. Joan T. Freyberg
Henry J. Kaiser
F. Nightingale
Thomas Edison
Harry Emerson Fosdick
John Uelse
Dr. Maxwell Malts
Profession
researcher
industrialist
nurse
inventor
researcher
athlete
surgeon & author
Questions and Answers
1. How was daydreaming generally looked
upon until recently?
It was generally looked upon as a waste of
time and an unhealthy escape from real
life and its duties.
• 2. What used to be the common attitude
towards night dreaming?
Night dreaming interfered with our needed
rest.
• 3. What happens if a person is not
allowed to dream in his sleep?
He becomes tense and anxious. He
becomes irritable. He has trouble
concentrating and his mental health is
temporarily damaged. In short, he can’t
get the benefits of rest.
4. What’s the common advantage of both
daydreaming and night dreaming?
They are both important to mental health.
5. In what way were Henry J. Kaiser,
Florence Nightingale and Thomas Edison
alike?
Their successes were due to the positive
use of daydreaming.
6. What difference can daydreaming make if
combined with hard work?
It could be the difference between becoming
merely good at something and becoming a
champion.
Directions: Scan this part and find out the benefits
of daydreaming.
1. being a good means of relaxation
2. being important to mental health
3. contributing to intellectual growth
4. improving concentration, attention span, and the
ability to get along with others
5. leading children to paying more attention to
details
6. making children feel happier and work together
better
7. producing improved self-control and creative
abilities
8. being useful in shaping our future lives as we
want them to be
• Directions: Scan this part to find out the
procedure of creative daydreaming.
a. Choose a time when you can be alone
and undisturbed;
b. Close your eyes;
c. Let your imagination soar freely;
d. Picture yourself as vividly as possible the
way you want to be;
e. Picture your desired goals as if you had
already attained them;
f. Go over all the details of this picture;
g. See them clearly and sharply;
h. Impress them strongly on your memory.
Detailed Reading
• amount to:
1) develop into
He is lazy when he should study hard. I’m
afraid he will amount to nothing.
2) if figures, sums, etc. amount to a
particular total, they equal that total when
they are added together
The number of books in the reference room
amounts to 3,000.
His yearly income amounts to a five-figure
sum.
3) if an attitude, remark, situation, etc.
amounts to sth., it has the same effect; be
equal to
His suggestion amounts to saying that there
is still room for improvement in the work.
他的建议等于是说工作还有改进的余地。
Her words amount to refusal.
interfere with: interrupt; hinder, affect
I hope that this misunderstanding will not
interfere with our friendship.
Don’t allow pleasure to interfere with duty.
benefit: n. an advantage, improvement, or
help that you get from sth.
I’ve had the benefit of a good education.
• benefit, advantage & profit这三个名词均有
“利益、好处”之意。
benefit普通用词，指通过正当手段从物质或
精神方面得到的任何好处或利益
advantage指因某方面占优势或利用某机会以
及对方弱点而获得利益与好处。
profit着重收益，尤指从物质、钱财等方面获
得的利益。
benefit
1 My trip to the south was of much _____
to my health.
2 I thought I’d take advantage
______ of the sports
facilities while I’m here.
advantage of using
3 But what’s the ________
nuclear power?
4 A change in the law would be to
benefit
everyone’s ________
.
5 The ________
in this business are not
profits
large.
derive / get benefit from
• 从……中获益
hurt sb. for one’s own benefit
损人利己
• mutual benefit
互利
unemployment benefit
• 失业津贴
means: n. a way of doing or achieving sth.
• by means of
用，依靠；通过……的方法
by no means
决不
by all means
想尽一切办法
by any means
无论如何
live within (beyond) one’s means
量入为出 / 不量入为出
• contribute to:
• 1) help to make sth. happen
Plenty of fresh air contributes to good health.
Smoking certainly contributed to his early
death.
你的及时帮助大大有助于我们的成功。
Your timely help contributed greatly to our
success.
2) give money, help, ideas, etc. to sth. that a
lot of other people are also involved in
Everyone contributed to / towards Jane’s
present when she left office.
Her family have contributed $50, 000 to the
fund.
span:
1. n. a period of time between two dates or
events
He has a short attention / concentration
span.
2. v. include all of a period of time; if a
bridge spans an area of water, especially a
river, it goes from one side to the other
Her acting career spanned almost six
decades.
The river Thames is spanned by many
bridges.
a life span
寿命
• a memory span
• 记忆力持续时间
in a span
在一段时间中
an attention span
注意力持续集中的时间
drift: v.
1) (fig.) move, change, or do sth. without
any plan or purpose
The talk drifted aimlessly from one subject to
another.
Some people have a purpose in life while
others just drift.
2) if snow, sand, etc. drifts, the wind blows it
into large piles; move slowly on water or in
the air
Smoke drifted from the chimney of the huts
in the village.
The boat drifted down the river.
go about: start working on, do
To learn English well is no easy matter. We
must go about it earnestly.
如果你采用正确的方法做，这是一件容易的
事儿。
It’s an easy job if you go about it in the right
way.
substitute:
• 1. n. a person or thing acting in place of
another
Tofu can be used as a meat substitute in
vegetarian recipes.
Plastic can be a substitute for wood.
2. v. take the place of another; use sth. new
or different instead of sth. else
Can you substitute for me at the meeting?
We must substitute a new chair for the
broken one.
• substitute & replace
• 这两个动词均含“替代、取代”之意。
• substitute 指某人因故不在时，由别人代理
其职，有时也可指由一物去代替另一物。
• replace 最普通用词，指任何形式的替代，
尤指以新的替代旧的、老的 和坏的等，指
人指物都可以。
• 1. 科学研究
2. 精神健康
3. 实现既定的目标
4. 永远不会有出息
• 5. 被看作……
• 6. 浪费时间
7. 以一种新的见解看待……
8. 干扰
9. 是……的一种好方法
10. 超乎……之外
11. 进行实验
• 12. 有助于
• 13. 智力的发展
• 14. 归功于……
15. 有名的成功者
16. 在（某人的）心目中
• 17. 越过横杠
18. 区别……与……之间的不同
19. 对……有影响
• 20. 目标的实现
11. 进行实验
12. 有助于
13. 智力的发展
14. 归功于……
15. 有名的成功者
16. 在（某人的）心目中
• scientific research
• mental health
achieve one’s desired goal
never amount to anything
be viewed as…
• a waste of time
• take a fresh look at…
interfere with
a good means of…
go beyond…
conduct experiments
• contribute to
intellectual growth
be due to…
• notable achievers
• in one’s mind’s eyes
• clear the bar
tell the difference between…
• have effect on…
the attainment of one’s goal
• be after…
• in combination with…
make a critical difference
set aside … for…
physical and mental well-being
• Even in the recent past, parents thought that
daydreaming interfered withtheir children’s
education, so people often had a hostile attitude
towards it. But researchers now see some benefits,
in this once supposedly unhealthy practice. For
example, one of the benefits of
daydreaming is that it helps one’s mental
growth and contributes to the development of one’s
creative abilities. Most important of all, if
used appropriately , it can become an effectivemeans
to help shape your future. Of course, you
should not neglect
necessary study or work because
daydreaming cannot substitute for hard work.
Merelyrelying on daydreaming will not help you attain
your goal.
Homework
• Write a composition about “The Best
Age ”in three paragraphs. You are given
the topic sentence and the conclusion, and
are required to develop its idea in three
aspects given below. Your composition
should be about 120 words.
The Best Age
• Each age has its pleasure and its pains.
•
1) Childhood
•
2) Youth
•
3) Old age
So the happiest person is the one who
enjoys what each age gives him without
wasting his time in useless regrets.