Mario Antonius Birowo
Sejarah Komunikasi Manusia
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Berita apa yang paling
menarik hari ini?
• Tolong tunjukkan.
• Mengapa menurut Anda berita
tersebut menarik?
• Apakah bermanfaat bagi Anda atau
orang banyak?
• Apa fungsi berita tersebut?
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Komunikasi adalah prasyarat kehidupan
manusia
Sejarah komunikasi manusia = sejarah
peradaban manusia
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Awal Manusia Membangun
Peradaban lewat komunikasi
Bertujuan:
• Kepercayaan untuk memperoleh
dukungan dari kekuatan magis
• Pendidikan bagi kaum muda
• Informasi tentang situasi lingkungan
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Cave Painting, Lascaux, France
Paleolithic artists painted scenes in caves more than 15,000
years ago, such as the one here found in Lascaux, France. The
leaping cow and group of small horses were painted with red and
yellow ochre that was either blown through reeds onto the wall
or mixed with animal fat and applied with reeds or thistles. It is
believed that prehistoric hunters made these paintings to gain
magical powers that would ensure a successful hunt.
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Bison of Altamira
Bison and other animals, painted mostly in
red, black, and mauve, form a
spectacular ensemble on a ceiling
within the prehistoric cave at
Altamira, in Northern Spain. These
drawings are estimated to date from
approximately 13,000 to 14,000 years
ago. Characteristic of prehistoric cave
paintings, drawings, and engravings is
the absence of a painted horizon line
and the apparent lack of relationship
between one image and those adjacent
to it.
Microsoft ® Encarta ® Encyclopedia
2004..
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Empat Sejarah
Perkembangan Komunikasi
(Everett M. Rogers)
1.
Era komunikasi
tulisan
2. Era komunikasi
cetakan
3. Era komunikasi
telekomunikasi
4. Era komunikasi
interaktif
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1
2
3
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4
Era komunikasi tulisan dimulai di Sumeria +/- 4000 SM.
© 1993-2003 Microsoft Corporation.
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Papyrus Scroll
Before paper was invented, many people wrote on scrolls made out of the papyrus
plant. By layering, wetting, and then drying layers of the plant’s cellulose
together, people could create a fine writing surface. This hieroglyphic scroll is
part of the Book of the Dead, from ancient Egypt. Its detailed illustrations
demonstrate both the durability and quality of papyrus.
Microsoft ® Encarta ® Encyclopedia 2004.
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Pictorial Writing
Sistem penulisan dengan menggunakan gambar sebagai representasi
obyek hieroglyphic system (The term is most commonly
associated with the ancient Egyptian language)
Microsoft ® Encarta ® Encyclopedia 2004.
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Tomb of Queen Amonherkhepsef
In ancient Egypt, scribes used hieroglyphs to record state documents and
important historical events.
Microsoft ® Encarta ® Encyclopedia 2004.
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Gutenberg Bible
The Gutenberg Bible is the first book known to have been created with
movable metal type. It was printed by Johannes Gutenberg in Mainz,
Germany, between 1450 and 1455. The advent of movable type increased
the efficiency of printing and the number of books that could be produced.
More books and a more literate population, in turn, enhanced the spread of
ideas throughout Europe, fueling the 16th-century Protestant Reformation
in Germany.
Microsoft ® Encarta ® Encyclopedia 2004.
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Penemuan mesin cetak
Gutenberg
sangat berpengaruh di
bidang komunikasi 
bahkan mempengaruhi
sejarah kehidupan
manusia.
Mengapa?
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Early Printing Press
Invented by Johannes Gutenberg around 1450, the printing press made the
mass publication and circulation of literature possible. Derived from the
presses farmers used to make olive oil, the first printing press used a heavy
screw to force a printing block against the paper below. An operator worked a
lever to increase and decrease the pressure of the block against the paper.
Microsoft ® Encarta ® Encyclopedia 2004.
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Setelah penemuan mesin
cetak, penyebaran
informasi ke berbagai
tempat dan tingkatan
sosial masyarakat tinggal
menunggu waktu
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Revolusi industri abad ke 18 di Eropa
mendorong kebutuhan
akan informasi yang pesat
Perdagangan produk2 industri dan
penyebaran manusia memerlukan media komunikasi.
Berbagai teknologi diupayakan untuk mendukung
Penyebaran informasi secara cepat
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Era
Telekomunikasi
dimulai dengan
ditemukannya
alat telegraf
Oleh Morse
Telegraph
Pictured here is a device constructed by Samuel Morse in 1844 that receives
telegraph messages. The telegraph was invented concurrently by Morse and Sir
Charles Wheatstone in 1837. Soon afterwards, construction of a telegraph
communications network began; the first public telegraph message was sent in
1844.
Microsoft ® Encarta ® Encyclopedia 2004.
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JUNE 1896 Wireless Telegraph Patented
In Great Britain, Italian electrical
engineer Guglielmo Marconi files for a
patent for his wireless telegraph, an
apparatus that is capable of sending
signals to a point a few kilometers
away by means of a directional
antenna. On December 12, 1901, he
receives the first transatlantic
wireless communication—the Morse
code letter "S."
Microsoft ® Encarta ® Encyclopedia 2004.
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Culver Pictures
Samuel Morse
Although best known for
inventing the telegraph and the
Morse Code, Samuel F. B.
Morse devoted over half his life
to art and politics. He turned to
projects like the telegraph only
as alternative means of
supporting his other careers.
However, the telegraph was not
an immediate success, and
Morse was not financially secure
until late in his life.
Microsoft ® Encarta ® Encyclopedia 2004.
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RADIO
•
•
Inventor of the radio-signaling
system, Italian electrical
engineer Guglielmo Marconi was
the first to send wireless signals
across the ocean. Prior to his
invention, there was no way to
communicate over long distances
without telegraph wires to carry
electric signals. His equipment
played a vital role in rescuing
survivors of sea disasters such as
the sinking of the Titanic. He won
the Nobel Prize in physics in 1909
for his work in wireless
telegraphy.
© 1993-2003 Microsoft Corporation.
Titanic  April 1912
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Photo Researchers,
Inc./Nicholas De
Sciose
Printing with an
Offset Press
An operator receives a
finished page from a
six-color offset press.
Offset printing, also
called lithography, is
the most commonly
used printing process
for producing books,
magazines, and
newspapers.
Microsoft ® Encarta ®
Encyclopedia 2004.
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Majalah, suratkabar merupakan
bentuk media (yang di…) cetak
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RADIO
1930
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Televisi dimulai tahun 1933 di Amerika, siaran
komersial pertama tahun 1941.
1950-an
2000-an
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Televisi di Indonesia
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Di Indonesia dimulai pada 24 Agustus tahun
1962 saat Asian Games IV disiarkan oleh
TVRI. Sekarang diantaranya ….
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RB TV, Jogja TV, Tugu TV, Bali TV,
pengantar
ilmu TV,
komunikasi
2014TV (?)
Borobudur
….FIAT
Era Komunikasi Interaktif
dimulai dengan penemuan Mainframe Computer
1946.
Computer networking
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Internet
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Online Media memungkinkan interaksi
antar pihak-pihak yang terlibat dalam
komunikasi
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Computers in the
Classroom
Elementary school
students work on an
assignment in their
school’s computer
lab. Some studies
show that when
used selectively by
trained teachers,
computers can
enhance students’
academic
performance.
Komunikasi Interaktif
Di Pendidikan
Microsoft ® Encarta ® Encyclopedia 2004. ©
1993-2003 Microsoft Corporation. All rights
reserved.
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Era Komunikasi Interaktif
Interactive Exhibit, Experience
Music Project
A visitor to the Experience Music
Project in Seattle, Washington,
uses a handheld computer to
select audio commentary about
Louis Jordan, an American jazz
musician. The commentary is
heard here. Many museums offer
interactive technologies that
allow visitors to customize their
experience.
Microsoft ® Encarta ® Encyclopedia 2004.
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Anda diharapkan
dapat menjelaskan
pentingnya
perkembangan
komunikasi manusia
berdasar
sejarahnya.
http://www.inkcinct.com.au/Web/CARTOONS/2007/2007-388-ascent-of-communications-man.jpg
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Wireless Local Area
Networks (WLANs)
01011011
0101
1011
Internet
Access
Point
http://www.stanford.edu/class/ee179/
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Satellite Systems
• Cover very large areas
http://www.stanford.edu/class/ee179/
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Bluetooth
• Cable replacement for electronic devices
– Cell phones, laptops, PDAs, etc.
• Short range connection (10-100 m)
http://www.stanford.edu/class/ee179/
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http://www.stanford.edu/class/ee179/
Future Wireless Networks
Ubiquitous Communication Among People and Device
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Next-generation
Cellular
Wireless Internet
Access
Wireless Multimedia
Sensor Networks
Smart Homes/Spaces
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Automated Highways
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http://www.stanford.edu/class/ee179/
Multimedia Throughout the Home
Without Wires
802.11n Wifi
(Gigabits/sec)
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•
•
•
•
Streaming video
Blazing-fast data rates
Seamless
connectivity Wireless HDTV
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Coverage in every room and Gaming
Media interaktif mampu membawakan bau
http://mashable.com/2012/01/13/olly/
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