Introduction to Injections Administer and Monitor Medication in the Work Environment Topic 8 Intradermal Intradermal Injection Administered usually into the forearm. Other sites include the upper chest, the upper arm, and shoulder blades. - given into the dermal layer of the skin, just under the epidermis. - Injected at about a 10 – 150 angle. Intradermal Injection - Only a very small dose can be given < 0.5ml, usually 0.01 – 0.1ml. - Used for TB & allergy testing. - As there is a reduced blood supply, drug absorption can occur slowly. Subcutaneous Injection Administration sites include: abdomen, anterior thigh, and the fat pad over the deltoid muscle in the upper arm - given under the skin into the loose fat & connective tissue - Absorption of drug is via the capillaries ... slower acting than IM or IV - slow, steady absorption Injection Routes Subcutaneous - should never be given into scar tissue, a lesion or over a bony prominence - As subcutaneous tissues contain pain receptors, only a small volume < 2ml should be given - Unsuitable for any drug that may be irritating to the tissues Injection Routes Intramuscular - given into the muscle tissue below the fatty subcutaneous layer - Rich blood supply ... readily absorbed into the bloodstream - Suitable for drugs that are soluble, non irritant to soft tissue & require quick absorption Injection Routes Intramuscular - Up to 4ml can be injected without causing undue discomfort - Solution can be more viscous than that given by SC route – permits thicker, oil based compounds Administering injections Intradermal - these medications are very potent requiring very slow absorption - Only very small amounts can be administered 0.01 – 0.1ml - The needle is inserted at an angle of 10 – 15 0 to the skin - a small bleb should appear on the surface of the skin Administering injections Intradermal - if a bleb doesn’t appear, most likely the medication has entered the sc tissue & any results from the skin testing will be invalid - The inner forearm & upper back are the most common sites used Administering injections Intradermal What equipment do you need? Procedure Intradermal injection - perform the standard protocol for beginning the procedure - Select injection site & clean skin with an alcohol swab; allow to dry - Expel any air from the syringe - Pull the skin taught & insert the needle into the skin approximately 3mm at a 10 – 150 angle, bevel face upwards Procedure Intradermal - do not aspirate but inject slowly – it should produce a small bleb under the skin - Withdraw the needle smoothly & wipe the injection site - Do not massage – may disperse medication into sc layer - Complete the standard protocol for the completion of a procedure Things to consider… Client must be observed closely as they may have a severe anaphylactic reaction if a test allergen is being injected The site chosen should be free of lesions & only lightly pigmented – enables clear inspection & assessment of any changes from the injection