CHAPTER
7
Balancing Nationalism and Sectionalism
Overview
Time Lines
SECTION
1 Regional Economies Create Differences
SECTION
2 Nationalism at Center Stage
SECTION
3 The Age of Jackson
SECTION
4 Jackson, States’ Rights, and the National Bank
Chapter Assessment
Transparencies
CHAPTER
7
Balancing Nationalism and Sectionalism
“I never use the word ‘Nation’ in speaking of
the United States. We are not a Nation, but a
Union, a confederacy of equal and
sovereign States.”
John C. Calhoun, politician
THEMES IN CHAPTER 7
Science and Technology
Constitutional Concerns
Expanding Democracy
HOME
CHAPTER
7
Balancing Nationalism and Sectionalism
“I never use the word ‘Nation’ in speaking of
the United States. We are not a Nation, but a
Union, a confederacy of equal and
sovereign States.”
John C. Calhoun, politician
What do you know?
• What difference does Calhoun draw between a
“Nation” and a “Union”?
• What does he suggest about the power
of states?
• Is Calhoun a nationalist or a sectionalist?
HOME
CHAPTER
7
Time Line
The United States
1817 Construction begins on the Erie Canal.
1819 U.S. acquires Florida from Spain.
1820 Missouri Compromise is agreed to.
1826 John Adams and Jefferson die on July 4.
1830 Indian Removal Act is passed.
1838 Cherokee begin to travel the Trail of Tears
to the Indian Territory.
HOME
CHAPTER
7
Time Line
The World
1819 Simón Bolívar defeats the Spanish and
becomes president of Colombia.
1821 Napoleon dies in exile.
1822 Brazil becomes independent of Portugal.
Liberia is founded by freed U.S. slaves
on the west coast of Africa.
1824 Mexico becomes a republic.
1825 Decembrist revolt in Russia is defeated.
1830 France invades Algeria.
1838 Zulu clash with Boer settlers in Africa.
1839 Opium War breaks out in China.
HOME
SECTION
1
Regional Economies Create Differences
HOME
Learn About
the different economic systems that developed in
various sections of the nation.
To Understand
why and how Henry Clay sought to unify the country.
SECTION
1
Regional Economies Create Differences
Key Idea
Henry Clay seeks to unify the country—
even as various sections of the nation
develop different economic systems.
HOME
SECTION
1
Regional Economies Create Differences
Section 1 Assessment
SUMMARIZING
What are some potential newspaper headlines that explain
the significance of the following dates?
DATES
HEADLINES
1793
Eli Whitney Invents the Cotton Gin
Samuel Slater Opens Textile Factory Run by Machines
1801
Eli Whitney Demonstrates Interchangeable Parts
1815
Madison Presents the “American System” to Congress
1825
Erie Canal Completed; Atlantic Ocean Linked to
Great Lakes
National Road Connects Maryland to Illinois
1838
HOME
SECTION
1
Regional Economies Create Differences
Section 1 Assessment
ANALYZING
What shifts in population involving the United States might
be attributed to advances in technology and changes in
regional economies during America’s Industrial Revolution?
THINK ABOUT
• the industrialization of New England
• agricultural changes in the South
• improvements in internal transportation systems
HOME
SECTION
1
Regional Economies Create Differences
Section 1 Assessment
SYNTHESIZING
How was the American System expected to unite the nation’s
economic interests?
THINK ABOUT
• the industrial North
• the agricultural South and West
• currency and transportation
HOME
SECTION
2
Nationalism at Center Stage
HOME
Learn About
the growth of nationalism in the United States.
To Understand
how it affected Supreme Court decisions, federal
government policy decisions, and westward expansion
in the early 1800s.
SECTION
2
Nationalism at Center Stage
Key Idea
Nationalism exerts a strong influence
through the nation’s courts, foreign affairs,
and westward expansion.
HOME
SECTION
2
Nationalism at Center Stage
HOME
Section 2 Assessment
SUMMARIZING
What are some historical examples that illustrate the
influence of nationalism?
Influence of Nationalism
Nation’s Courts
Gibbons v.Ogden
decision
Foreign Affairs
Rush-Bagot Treaty
The Monroe Doctrine
Westward
Expansion
Government policies
expand U.S. territory
westward
American settlers push
into the Northwest
SECTION
2
Nationalism at Center Stage
Section 2 Assessment
HYPOTHESIZING
Speculate on the short- and long-term goals that President
Monroe might have had in mind when he formulated the
Monroe Doctrine in 1823.
THINK ABOUT
• European nations’ presence in the Western Hemisphere
during this time
• the influence of nationalism on foreign policy
• the nation’s westward expansion
HOME
SECTION
2
Nationalism at Center Stage
Section 2 Assessment
FORMING OPINIONS
From what you know about the Missouri Compromise and
the controversy that preceded it, do you think the new spirit
of nationalism in the United States was strong or fragile?
THINK ABOUT
• the definition of nationalism
• the slavery-related issues debated in Congress
• the series of agreements constituting the
Missouri Compromise
HOME
SECTION
3
The Age of Jackson
Learn About
Andrew Jackson’s rise to power and his political
views.
To Understand
why his administration instituted policies that
expressed the views of the common people but
violated the rights of Native Americans.
HOME
SECTION
3
The Age of Jackson
Key Idea
Andrew Jackson’s policies give voice to
common people but violate Native American
rights.
HOME
SECTION
3
The Age of Jackson
SUMMARIZING
HOME
Section 3 Assessment
3
What were some key events relating to Jackson’s political
career?
1824 Jackson loses
presidential election
to John Quincy
Adams.
1828 Jackson wins
presidential election.
1830 Jackson pushes
Congress to pass
Indian Removal Act.
1832 Jackson refuses to enforce
Supreme Court ruling on
Worcester v. Georgia.
SECTION
3
The Age of Jackson
Section 3 Assessment
3
MAKING DECISIONS
If you were a U.S. citizen voting in the 1828 presidential
election, would you cast your ballot for John Quincy Adams
or Andrew Jackson?
THINK ABOUT
• each candidate’s background and political experience
• each candidate’s view of the national bank and tariffs
• where you live—the South, the West, or New England
HOME
SECTION
3
The Age of Jackson
Section 3 Assessment
INTERPRETING
What factors set the stage for the Indian Removal Act of
1830 and the Trail of Tears?
THINK ABOUT
• the attitude of white settlers toward Native Americans
• Jackson’s justification of the Indian Removal Act
• why Jackson was able to defy the Supreme Court’s ruling
in Worcester v. Georgia
HOME
SECTION
4
Jackson, States’ Rights, and the National Bank
Learn About
Jackson’s policies on states’ rights and
economic issues.
To Understand
why there were growing divisions and economic
problems that threatened the spirit of nationalism.
HOME
SECTION
4
Jackson, States’ Rights, and the National Bank
Key Idea
Andrew Jackson deals with two issues—
states’ rights and the Bank of the United
States—that have a long-lasting impact on the
American nation.
HOME
SECTION
4
Jackson, States’ Rights, and the National Bank
Section 4 Assessment
SUMMARIZING
What were the key issues that Jackson confronted and the
important legacies that he left the nation?
ISSUES
LEGACIES
States’ rights versus federal
power over the Tariff of 1832
Another version of the
two-party system
Jackson versus the bank over
its threat to American
democracy
Presidential elections as
popularity contests
Average citizen’s broader
political awareness
HOME
SECTION
4
Jackson, States’ Rights, and the National Bank
Section 4 Assessment
GENERALIZING
In what ways might the tariff crises of 1828 and 1832 be
considered important milestones in American history before
the Civil War?
THINK ABOUT
• Calhoun’s nullification theory
• the Hayne-Webster debate
• why Jackson pushed Congress to pass the Force Bill
HOME
SECTION
4
Jackson, States’ Rights, and the National Bank
Section 4 Assessment
ANALYZING
How might Jackson have countered the Whig Party’s
accusation that he was acting like a king?
THINK ABOUT
• his policies and political appeal
• the image of himself that Jackson projected to
his supporters
HOME
Chapter
7
Assessment
1. What were the key changes in technology, work
procedures, and methods of organizing manufacturing
that spurred the Industrial Revolution?
2. How did people in the Northeast, the South, and the
West react to the Tariff of 1816?
3. Cite two ways in which the Gibbons v. Ogden decision
set the stage for future Supreme Court rulings.
4. Explain the belief that guided the foreign policy of
Secretary of State John Quincy Adams.
5. Why did Missouri’s request for admission into the
Union heighten the sectional rivalry between the North
and the South?
HOME
Chapter
7
Assessment
6. What changes occurred in the voting population and in
voting patterns between the presidential elections of
1824 and 1828?
7. What alternatives did Jackson have in shaping a policy
to tackle the problem of Native Americans?
8. What aggressive measures was Jackson willing to take
in retaliation for South Carolina’s threat to secede
in 1832?
9. Why did Jackson oppose the Bank of the United States?
10. How did the Whig Party’s tactics in the 1840
presidential election mirror Jackson’s earlier
campaign strategies?
HOME