Chapter 1
Architectural History and Styles
Development of Architectural Forms
Bearing walls
Solid walls that provide support for each other and
for the roof
Post and lintel construction
Horizontal beams(lintel) across two vertical posts
Arch
Constructed of many lighter stones
Each stone is supported by leaning on the center
stone
Keystone
– Center stone that is wedged and locks the other stones in
place
Vault
Series of arches
Dome
Made of many arches arranged so that their bases
form a circle and the tops meet in the center
Gothic Arch
A regular arch with a pointed top
Buttress
Adds exterior support to a structure or wall
Influences on Early American Architecture
English style architecture
– Used variations of common architectural features
• High pitched roofs
• Massive chimneys
• Half timber siding
• Small windows
French style architecture
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Steeply pitched hip roofs
Long projecting windows
Curved lintels
Towers
Spanish and Italian Style similarities
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Arches
Low pitched roofs made of ceramic tile
Stucco exterior walls
Open courtyard patio
Italian style differences
• Columns and arches are generally part of the entrance
• Windows and balconies open to a loggia
• Open passage covered by a roof
Early American style architecture
• All styles that developed in various regions of the
colonies
• New England Colonial
• Greatly simplified the English styles due to equipment
and availability of building material.
• CAPE COD (1 ½ Story gable roof home)
• Central front entrance
• Central chimney
• Exterior walls of bevel siding
• Dormers
• Symmetrical Design
Dutch Colonial
• Has a gambrel roof
Elizabethan
• Half timbered with mortar between, adopted from Tudor
style
English Tudor
• Norman towers and tall chimneys
French Provincial
• Mansard roof
Southern Colonial
• Two story columns
Victorian
• Intricate finials, lintels,parapets,balconies,and cornices
Ranch
• Rambling plan
Modern
• Freedom of design and use of space
A. The nave.
B. Rib vaulting
(Sort of like a groin
vault, only creased
with ridges. . . . see
below.)
C. Pier (The main
supports that hold up
the nave vaulting.)
D. The Aisle
E. Clerestory
windows (Small,
upper story window
that flank the aisles.)
F. Triforium (A
small walkway usually
reserved for nuns and
women......in the "old"
days.)
This is not a ranch home!!!!!
Modern house plans
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