Nationalism vs. Imperialism
The changed map of Europe and
the Middle East.
The Mandate System
QuickTime™ and a
decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
From left, British Prime Minister Lloyd George, Italy's Vittorio Emanuele
Orlando, France's Georges Clemenceau and President Woodrow Wilson at the
Paris peace conference in 1919 at the end of World War I
Ideas and concepts can change the world. The concepts of
nationalism and imperialism were of major significance
to the world of 1919. The clearest examples of the
importance of these concept were the changing map of Europe,
the shifting borders Middle East, and the introduction of the
League of Nation’s Mandate System.
Define Imperialism for me…
Remember that
map
of the British
Empire?
QuickTime™ and a
decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
By 1914 there
were two
independent
countries left in
Africa: Liberia and
Ethiopia
QuickTime™ and a
decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Question: Can you count the ‘countries’?
QuickTime™ and a
decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Define Nationalism for me…
QuickTime™ and a
decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Of nationalism George Orwell wrote: "The abiding purpose of
every nationalist is to secure more power and more prestige,
not for himself but for the nation or other unit in which he has
chosen to sink his own individuality."
The Changed Map of Europe
 Nationalism is a force to be recognized. Did not a
Serb Nationalist ‘start’ World War One?
 Wilson recognizes (see Fourteen Points) need for
self-determination and a major revision of Europe’s
frontiers.
Let’s have a look at a map of Europe in 1919, shall we?
If they talk about ‘successor states’ on the exam, don’t worry,
They’re just talking about the ‘countries’ created by the crumble
of empires after WWI.
QuickTime™ and a
decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Remember
Europe in
1914? I
can
see the
difference.
can you
see
the
difference?
Tell me who
the winners
are…
But what
about…
But what about…the losers?
• Sudeten Germans in
Czechoslovakia
• One million Poles in
Czechoslovakia
• Germans in the
Polish Corridor
• 50/50 make up of
Alsace-Lorraine
• I guess none of these
people get to exercise
self determination.
• Why not?
• How do the winners and
losers relate to our
concepts of nationalism
and Imperialism?
Let’s have a look at a map of the Middle East in 1914, shall we?
The changed map of the
Middle East.
QuickTime™ and a
decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Whoa, had did this get in here?
QuickTime™ and a
decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
The 1916 Sykes-Picot Agreement between Britain and France established
proposed zones of influence for those two countries over the Middle East
After World War I, the French and British draw the borders
of the modern Middle East, and the League of Nations
sanctions their domination of the region.
QuickTime™ and a
decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
The Mandate System
The League of Nations Mandate System
In theory, the Mandate system had the benevolent intention
of preparing the "natives" of various regions for self government.
In practice, the granting of mandates often represented
nothing more than the granting of spoils to the different victorious
allied governments.
(The basis of the mandate system was Article 22 of the
Covenant of the League of Nations, which gave broad authority to
the mandate powers regarding preparation for self-rule).
(The above is from http://www.mideastweb.org.)
"Everyone understood at the time that this was a thinly disguised
new form of colonialism...," says Zachary Lockman, professor of
Middle East history at New York University. "The British and French
had no thought of going anywhere anytime soon, and fully intended
to remain in control of these territories for the indefinite future.
Well team, a rose by any other
name would smell as sweet…
Excellent multiple choice questions… Take from…
Germany
Treaty of Versailles
Austria
“ “ St. Germain
Hungary
“ “ Trianon
Bulgaria
“ “ Neuilly
Turkey
“ “ Sevres*
*Keep this one in mind. Show off when speaking to the new
Changed map of the Middle East.
Let’s Google ‘Wikipedia Mandate System’
Well folks, so ends our story.,,
In 1919 World War One was over, but the concepts of
nationalism and imperialism remained. The ‘big three’
allied powers ensured that despite the ‘acceptance’ of selfdetermination, their empires would grow. The obvious
proof of this was the Treaty of Sevres which would see the
Ottoman Empire dismembered, and through the League of
Nations’ Mandate System, distributed to the French and
British. Further, nationalist calls were answered; especially
if they came from within the borders of an Empire that had
lost World War One. Due to the influence of nationalism,
now called self-determination, and imperialism, now
replaced by the Mandate System, the maps of Europe and
the Middle East after World War One had indeed changed
completely.