Bellwork
Turn to page 268 in your textbook
“Step Into The Place” – per
instructions read the Primary Source
and answer the question
“Step Into the Time” - per instructions
choose a EUROPEAN event from the
timeline and make YOUR prediction in
paragraph form.
Today's Agenda
Bellwork
Announcements
Questions
Bellwork Review
Lecture
World Wars 1914-1945
Students analyze the causes and course of the First
World War, along with the long-term military,
economic, and political effects. Students describe the
various causes and consequences of the global
depression of the 1930s, and analyze how
governments responded to the Great Depression.
Students analyze the rise of fascism and
totalitarianism after World War I. Students analyze
the causes and course of World War II, along with
the long-term military, economic, and political effects
of the World War II
Our Standard
W.23 Evaluate primary source documents while analyzing
the role of political and economic rivalries, ethnic and
ideological conflicts, domestic discontent, disorder,
propaganda, and nationalism in mobilizing the civilian
population in leading to the outbreak of World War I. (C,
E, P)
Militarism
Alliances
Imperialism
Nationalism
Militarism
As the world entered the 20th century, an arms
race had begun. By 1914, Germany had the
greatest increase in military buildup. Great
Britain and Germany both greatly increased
their navies in this time period. Further, in
Germany and Russia particularly, the military
establishment began to have a greater
influence on public policy. This increase in
militarism helped push the countries involved to
war.
Alliances
Over time, countries throughout Europe made mutual defense
agreements that would pull them into battle. Thus, if one country was
attacked, allied countries were bound to defend them. Before World
War I, the following alliances existed:
Russia and Serbia
Germany and Austria-Hungary
France and Russia
Britain and France and Belgium
Japan and Britain
Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia, Russia got involved to
defend Serbia. Germany seeing Russia mobilizing, declared war on
Russia. France was then drawn in against Germany and AustriaHungary. Germany attacked France through Belgium pulling Britain
into war. Then Japan entered the war. Later, Italy and the United
States would enter on the side of the allies.
Imperialism
Before World War 1, Africa and parts of Asia were
points of contention amongst the European
countries. This was especially true because of the
raw materials these areas could provide. The
increasing competition and desire for greater
empires led to an increase in confrontation that
helped push the world into World War I.
Nationalism
Much of the origin of the war was based on the
desire of the Slavic peoples in Bosnia and
Herzegovina to no longer be part of Austria
Hungary but instead be part of Serbia. In this way,
nationalism led directly to the War. But in a more
general way, the nationalism of the various
countries throughout Europe contributed not only
to the beginning but the extension of the war in
Europe. Each country tried to prove their
dominance and power.
Immediate Cause: Assassination of
Archduke Franz Ferdinand
The immediate cause of World War I that made the
aforementioned items come into play (alliances,
imperialism, militarism, nationalism) was the assassination
of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary. In June
1914, a Serbian nationalist assassinated him and his wife
while they were in Sarajevo, Bosnia which was part of
Austria-Hungary. This was in protest to Austria-Hungary
having control of this region. Serbia wanted to take over
Bosnia and Herzegovina. This assassination led to AustriaHungary declaring war on Serbia. When Russia began to
mobilize due to its alliance with Serbia, Germany declared
war on Russia. Thus began the expansion of the war to
include all those involved in the mutual defense alliances.
Maps
http://www.vox.com/a/
world-war-i-maps
The Threat of War was building
http://www.history.com/topics/worldwar-i/world-war-ihistory/videos/causes-of-world-war-i
War is literally brewing
https://www.youtube.com/watc
h?v=n7kp3vf1uKA
https://www.youtube.com/watc
h?v=gjlGoe1mnw0
Austria-Hungary and Serbia
Austria-Hungary and Serbia hated each other.
In 1876 Serbia went to war with Turkey and
conquered Bosnia, and area of the Balkans where
many Serbs lived. HOWEVER, at the Congress
of Berlin, two years later, Austria-Hungary
persuaded the great powers to give back Bosnia to
Turkey, under Austria's 'protection'.
In 1878 the Treaty of San Stefano was signed and
Serbia was declared an independent state.
In 1906 came The Pig War: Austria-Hungary
dominated the Balkans economically. To try to
reduce its dependence on Austria-Hungary, Serbia
began to build trade links with France (1904) and
Bulgaria (1905). Austria-Hungary reacted by
banning all imports of Serbia pork (so the quarrel
was called 'the Pig War'), and Serbia responded by
selling its pork to France - it sent it through Bosnia to
the Adriatic, and then by sea to France.
1908 The Bosnia Crisis: AustriaHungary annexed Bosnia. The Serbs
were furious, not just because Serbs
lived there, nor even because they had
hoped to conquer Bosnia themselves,
but also because Austria stopped
Serbian pork going through
Bosnia. Serbia appealed to Russia, but
Nicholas would not go to war with
Austria, and Serbia was forced to
recognize Austria's right to Bosnia.
The Balkans
http://www.pbs.org/gre
atwar/maps/
1912-13 The Balkan Wars:
In 1912 Serbia, Greece and Bulgaria (calling
themselves the Balkan League) attacked Turkey and
all but drove the Turks out of Europe. Next year,
Bulgaria attacked Serbia, but was defeated, leaving
Serbia as the leading Slavic power in the
Balkans. Pasic, the Serbian prime Minister, declared:
'the first round is won. Now for the second round against Austria.‘
After the Balkan Wars the Austrians told the Italian
government that they were going to invade Serbia.
Why Sarevo?
http://www.pbs.org/gre
atwar/maps/
1914 - The Ultimatum: Franz Ferdinand was
assassinated by Bosnians - inhabitants of the
Austro-Hungarian Empire - so the Austrian
government (strangely) judged that it did not
have justification to attack Serbia straight
away. Instead, it sent an ultimatum to the
Serbs on the grounds that it had not kept its
promise of 1909 to suppress the Black Hand.
The terms of the Ultimatum:
1. Stop all publications attacking Austria,
2. Suppress the Black Hand and all other anti-Austrian terrorist
groups,
3. Stop schools teaching anything that would make pupils hate
Austria,
4. Dismiss any civil servants or army officers who were antiAustrian,
5. help the Austria government suppress all anti-Austrian
terrorist groups,
6. Allow Austrian police to help in an investigation of Serbia's
links to Franz Ferdinand's assassination,
7. Arrest two officials who were believed to have helped plan
the assassination,
8. Stop Serbs smuggling weapons from Serbia into Bosnia,
9. Stop criticizing Austria,
10. Accept all the above points without delay.
The Ultimatum was extreme on purpose - the Austrians hoped
that the Serbs would reject it, giving them the excuse to invade.
July 23, 1914
http://www.history.com/thisday-in-history/austriahungary-issuesultimatum-to-serbia
Russia won’t back down…
“On receipt of the ultimatum, Serbia at once
appealed to Russia, whose council of ministers met
on July 24 to determine a course of action. Russian
Foreign Minister Sergey Sazonov voiced his belief
that Germany was using the crisis over the
archduke's death as a pretext for starting a
preventive war to defend its interests in the region.
Defying Austro-German expectations that Russia
would back down in the case of such a conflict, the
council agreed to order four military districts to
prepare for mobilization.”
War Begins
July 28, 1914
http://natgeotv.com.au/videos/apocalypseworld-war-1/the-beginning-of-war5857ABF0.aspx
“Serbia agrees to most things…”
Meanwhile, in Belgrade on the afternoon of July 25, convinced that
Austria-Hungary was preparing for a fight, Serbian Prime Minister
Nicola Pasic ordered the Serbian army to mobilize. Pasic himself
delivered the Serbian answer to the ultimatum to Gieslingen at the
Austrian embassy, just before the 6 p.m. deadline. Serbia's response
effectively accepted all terms of the ultimatum but one: it would
not accept Austria-Hungary's participation in any internal inquiry,
stating that this would be a violation of the Constitution and of
the law of criminal procedure. This response did much to appeal
Pasic and his country to international observers of the conflict; to
Vienna, however, it made little difference. Gieslingen, bags packed and
car waiting to drive him to the railroad station, broke the Dual
Monarchy's diplomatic relations with Serbia and left to catch his train.
Three days later, on July 28, 1914, Austria-Hungary declared war on
Serbia, beginning the First World War.
Propaganda
prop·a·gan·da Noun Derogatory
information, especially of a biased or misleading
nature, used to promote or publicize a particular
political cause or point of view.
http://www.bl.uk/world-warone/articles/propaganda-as-aweapon
Our Standard
W.23 Evaluate primary source documents while analyzing
the role of political and economic rivalries, ethnic and
ideological conflicts, domestic discontent, disorder,
propaganda, and nationalism in mobilizing the civilian
population in leading to the outbreak of World War I. (C,
E, P)
Assessment
Who made up the Triple
Alliance?
Triple Alliance:
Germany, Austria-Hungary
and Italy
Assessment
Who made up the Triple
Entente?
Triple Entente:
Great Britain, France and
Russia
Assessment
What was the Black Hand?
Black Hand:
Serbian nationalist/terrorist
group responsible for the
assassination of Austrian heir
Archduke Franz Ferdinand
which resulted in the start of
World War I
Assessment
What does MAIN stand
for?
MAIN:
Militarism
Alliances
Imperialism
Nationalism
Assessment
Why were Serbian
nationalists upset with Austria
Hungary?
Serbians were angry with
Austria-Hungary’s
annexation of Bosnia