FUNGICIDES
Disease Control
Exclusion
 Keeping pathogen out
 Quarantine
 Equipment cleaned and sterilized
Disease Control
Eradication
 Eliminate or destroy
 Sanitation
 Difficult to achieve 100%
Disease Control
Resistance
 Resistance is genetic
 Tolerance is ability to endure

Still infected
Disease Control
Avoidance
 Prevent contact between host and pathogen
 Modify environment

Planting time
Disease Control
Protection
 Chemical
 Barrier that prevents infection
FUNGICIDES
Fungicides kill or inhibit fungi
 Inhibit growth and reproduction

Fungistatic
 Not all fungicides are curative
 Some only preventative
CONTACT FUNGICIDES
 Active on leaf surface
 Inhibit fungal growth
 Control for 7 to 14 days
 Rapidly degrade
 Light, MO, and exposure
CONTACT FUNGICIDES
 Was most common fungicides
 Re-registration cost
 Less expensive
 Broad range of control
 Less resistance
 Multiple MOA
 Leaf spot diseases
PENETRANT FUNGICIDES
 Enter plant tissue
 Provide longer protection than contacts at lower
rates
 As long as 21 to 28 days
PENETRANT FUNGICIDES
Types of Penetrants
 Localized, little or no movement in the plant


Translaminar moves across leaf blade
Mesostemic moves into cuticle and epidermis
PENETRANT FUNGICIDES
Types of Penetrants
 Acropetal, upward translocation

Majority of penetrants are acropetal
PENETRANT FUNGICIDES
Types of Penetrants
 Systemic, true systemic up and downward
movement

Fosetyl-al (common name)
FUNGICIDE RESISTANCE
 Selection of tolerant fungi by using the same class of
chemical

Same mode of action (MOA)
 Fungal pathogens that produce more spores more
susceptible to developing resistance

Botrytis, powdery mildew, downy mildew, rust
 Rotate fungicide classes
 http://www.frac.info codes
FRAC Code
FUNGICIDE RESISTANCE
 Contact prevent fungal growth by interrupting >2
growth processes
 Penetrants often interrupt only 1 process
FUNGICIDE RESISTANCE
Humans (Disease)
 Alien (Contact fungicide)

3 MOA
Spit acid
 Tail spear
 Mouth #2

 If humans develop thick acid-
resistant skin, Alien just stabs
them with tail or mouth #2

Resistance averted
FUNGICIDE RESISTANCE
Humans (Disease)
 Alien Jr. (Systemic
fungicide)

1 MOA

Suffocation
 If humans develop
ability to breathe
out ears, Alien Jr.
no longer works

Humans resistant
FUNGICIDE RESISTANCE
Avoiding resistance
 Rotate chemical classes (FRAC)
 Tank mix contacts and penetrants

Increases MOA and control spectrum
Incomplete list of
FUNGICIDE CATEGORIES
Benzimidazoles
 Thiophanate-methyl very popular
Incomplete list of
FUNGICIDE CATEGORIES
Dicarboximides
 Iprodione

Good on flower blight
Incomplete list of
FUNGICIDE CATEGORIES
Sterol Inhibitors
 Myclobutanil
 Fenarimol (documented disease resistance)
Incomplete list of
FUNGICIDE CATEGORIES
Strobilurins
 Synthesized version of antifungal substance
produced by fungus



Strobilurus tenacellus
Feeds on organic matter
Inhibits competitive MO
 Very low toxicity
 EPA calls reduced risk
Incomplete list of
FUNGICIDE CLASSES
Strobilurins
 Single target site

Resistance risk
 Azoxystrobin (Heritage)
 Wide range of control
 Long residual
Incomplete list of
FUNGICIDE CLASSES
Strobilurins
 Trifloxystrobin (Compass)

Can travel 2” through air as vapor to other leaves
Incomplete list of
FUNGICIDE CATEGORIES
Oomycete Products
 Oomycetes cause root rot
 Not true fungi



Phytophthora
Phythium
Downy mildew
 Root rot fungicides
 Fosetyl-al (Aliette)

Only true systemic
Incomplete list of
FUNGICIDE CATEGORIES
Broad Spectrum Protectants
 Contact fungicides
 Rare resistant problems


Chlorothalonil very popular
Mancozeb
Incomplete list of
FUNGICIDE CATEGORIES
Biological
 Antagonistic rather than fungicidal

Protective
 Rootshield (Trichoderma fungus)
 Root disease
 Companion (Bacillus bacteria)
 Root and foliar disease
Incomplete list of
FUNGICIDE CATEGORIES
Inorganic
 Bordeaux mixture


Copper sulfate and lime
Copper controls
bacterial disease
Incomplete list of
FUNGICIDE CATEGORIES
Natural
 Neem oil


Foliar disease (contact)
Various other functions
Insecticide
 Toothpaste
 Etc.

Incomplete list of
FUNGICIDE CATEGORIES
Biological
 Injection-based systems
 Eco Soil Systems
 Bacteria (Pseudomonas sp.)
 BioTrek injection
 Fungus (Trichoderma)
COST COMPARISON
PRODUCT
COST OF
PRODUCT
OUNCES PER
100 GAL
Subdue
$210 / Quart
1 oz
$7
Terrazole
$143 / Quart
7 oz
$31
Fenstop
$278 / Quart
14 oz
$122
Fosphite
$48 / Gallon
64 oz
$24
COST OF
APPLCATION