Today’s Agenda
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Let's Review our Bellwork....
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Let’s Begin Today’s Lesson…..
Today's State Standards
Standard 4.0: Governance and Civics
4.2 understand the role of constitutions in preventing abuses of
government power.
4.6 understand the concept of federalism.
Standard 5.0: History
5.4 understand the United States Constitution as a "living
document" in both principle and practice.
Our objectives today
1. Describe the structure of the government set up under the Articles of
Confederation.
2. Explain why the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation led to a
critical period for our government in the 1780s.
3. Describe how a growing need for a stronger national government led
to plans for a Constitutional Convention.
4. Compare and contrast the Virginia Plan and the New Jersey Plan for a
new constitution.
5. Summarize the major compromises that the delegates agreed to make
and the effects of those compromises.
Our Goal Today
The Articles of Confederation established a fairly
weak central government, which led to conflicts
among the States. The turmoil of the Critical
Period of the 1780s led to the writing of the
Constitution and the creation of a stronger
National Government. The Framers of the
Constitution created a document that addressed
the major concerns of the States. By reaching
compromise on items about which they
disagreed, the Framers created a new National
Government capable of handling our nation's
problems.
Articles of Confederation
One vote per state. No Executive or Judicial
branch. Any change had to be approved by
all 13 states. 9 out of 13 votes required to
pass any law.
Powers of Congress
1) Make war and peace
2) Send and receive ambassadors
3) Make treaties
4) Borrow money
5) Set up a money system
6) Establish a post office
7) Build a navy
8) Raise an army by asking States for troops
9) Create a uniform standard for weights and measures
10) Settle disputes between the States
Our objectives today
1. Describe the structure of the government set up under the Articles of
Confederation.
2. Explain why the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation led to a
critical period for our government in the 1780s.
3. Describe how a growing need for a stronger national government led
to plans for a Constitutional Convention.
4. Identify the Framers of the Constitution and discuss how the delegates
organized the proceedings at the Philadelphia Convention
5. Compare and contrast the Virginia Plan and the New Jersey Plan for a
new constitution.
6. Summarize the major compromises that the delegates agreed to make
and the effects of those compromises.
Creating our Constitution
Different States Different Ideas
The Virginia Plan – called for three branches
of government: Legislative, Executive and
Judicial. Bicameral government – both
houses number of members based on each
State's population or the amount of money
that state contributes to the national
government.
New Jersey Plan
Unicameral government, only one legislative
body. Each state gets same number of
seats in the legislature.
What is our first problem in writing our
constitution?
Our First Compromise
Connecticut delegates offered what has been
named the Connecticut Comprise, but some
have called the Great Compromise.
What do YOU think the compromise was?
The Great Compromise
Bicameral Government – Two legislative
bodies, a House and a Senate.
The house would have its members for each
state determined by population.
The senate would have each state have the
same number of members.
Population?
What about states that have slaves? Do they
count as population?
Do states with large slave populations want
them to count?
3/5ths Compromise – Time for Role Play
3/5ths Compromise
The three-fifths compromise is found in Article 1, Section 2,
Paragraph 3 of the United States Constitution:
"Representatives and direct Taxes shall be apportioned among
the several States which may be included within this Union,
according to their respective Numbers, which shall be
determined by adding to the whole Number of free Persons,
in cluding those bound to Service for a Term of Years, and
excluding Indians not taxed, three fifths of all other
Persons."
http://www.archives.gov/exhibits/charters/constitution_transcript.html
The South Wants Another Compromise
The Commerce and Slave Trade
Compromise was an agreement that
Congress could not tax exports of goods
from any state. Why was the south worried
about this? It also placed a 20-year
moratorium on any laws concerning the
slave trade, “the migration or importation of
such persons as any State now existing
shall think proper to admit”.
Ratification - Federalists
Federalists stressed the weakness of the Articles
of Confederation and campaigned for the
ratification of the new Constitution. James
Madison and Alexander Hamilton were among
their leaders.
Think Federalist Papers.
Ratification - Anti-Federalists
Anti-Federalists attacked the Constitution and
argued against its ratification. They worried about
having a central government and noted how it did
not have a bill of rights, or a list of basic liberties.
Its leaders included Patrick Henry, John Hancock
and Samuel Adams.
“I look upon that paper as the most fatal plan that
could possibly be conceived to enslave a free
people.” - Patrick Henry
Beard's Thesis
Beard's Thesis
The first historian to challenge the motives of the Founders was
Charles Beard in An Economic Interpretation of the
Constitution of the United States (1913).
In this landmark book, Beard, a professor of history at Columbia
University, argued that the Constitution was “an economic
document drawn with superb skill by men whose property
interests were immediately at stake.” The Founders, then,
rather than being patriots, wise lawmakers, or thoughtful
students of government, were primarily in the Constitutionwriting business to protect their “property interests.”
Read more: http://www.fee.org/the_freeman/detail/thefounders-the-constitution-and-the-historians#ixzz2rHxigjjs
Vocabulary
Articles of Confederation
Virginia Plan
ratification
New Jersey Plan
Connecticut Compromise
Three-Fifths Compromise
Federalists
Anti-Federalists
Articles of Confederation
Established “a firm league of friendship”
among the states. Each state kept “its
sovereignty, freedom, and independence.”
Vocabulary
Articles of Confederation
Virginia Plan
ratification
New Jersey Plan
Connecticut Compromise
Three-Fifths Compromise
Federalists
Anti-Federalists
Ratification
Formal approval.
rat·i·fi·ca·tion
[rat-uh-fi-key-shuhn]
noun
1. the act of ratifying; confirmation; sanction.
2. the state of being ratified.
http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/ratification
Vocabulary
Articles of Confederation
Virginia Plan
ratification
New Jersey Plan
Connecticut Compromise
Three-Fifths Compromise
Federalists
Anti-Federalists
Virginia Plan
Endorsed by the larger states. Base
representation on population.
Vocabulary
Articles of Confederation
Virginia Plan
ratification
New Jersey Plan
Connecticut Compromise
Three-Fifths Compromise
Federalists
Anti-Federalists
New Jersey Plan
Endorsed by the smaller states. Each state
should have equal representation.
Vocabulary
Articles of Confederation
Virginia Plan
ratification
New Jersey Plan
Connecticut Compromise
Three-Fifths Compromise
Federalists
Anti-Federalists
Connecticut Compromise
Also referred to as the Great Compromise.
Do both – have one legislative body based on
population and one where each state gets
equal representation.
Vocabulary
Articles of Confederation
Virginia Plan
ratification
New Jersey Plan
Connecticut Compromise
Three-Fifths Compromise
Federalists
Anti-Federalists
Three-Fifths Compromise
Slaves (although not called slaves in the
Constitution) will count as 3/5 of a person.
Vocabulary
Articles of Confederation
Virginia Plan
ratification
New Jersey Plan
Connecticut Compromise
Three-Fifths Compromise
Federalists
Anti-Federalists
Federalists
Campaigned for the ratification of the
Constitution. Supported a new Federal
government.
Vocabulary
Articles of Confederation
Virginia Plan
ratification
New Jersey Plan
Connecticut Compromise
Three-Fifths Compromise
Federalists
Anti-Federalists
Anti-Federalists
Campaigned against a new Federal government.
Assessment Time :-)
1) What were the Articles of Confederation and what
powers did they grant to Congress?
2) Identify three weaknesses of our government
under the Articles of Confederation.
3) Why did smaller states object to the Virginia
Plan?
4) What was the 'Great Compromise'?
Today's State Standards
Standard 4.0: Governance and Civics
4.2 understand the role of constitutions in preventing abuses of
government power.
4.6 understand the concept of federalism.
Standard 5.0: History
5.4 understand the United States Constitution as a "living
document" in both principle and practice.
Our objectives today
1. Describe the structure of the government set up under the Articles of
Confederation.
2. Explain why the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation led to a
critical period for our government in the 1780s.
3. Describe how a growing need for a stronger national government led
to plans for a Constitutional Convention.
4. Compare and contrast the Virginia Plan and the New Jersey Plan for a
new constitution.
5. Summarize the major compromises that the delegates agreed to make
and the effects of those compromises.
Our Goal Today
The Articles of Confederation established a fairly
weak central government, which led to conflicts
among the States. The turmoil of the Critical
Period of the 1780s led to the writing of the
Constitution and the creation of a stronger
National Government. The Framers of the
Constitution created a document that addressed
the major concerns of the States. By reaching
compromise on items about which they
disagreed, the Framers created a new National
Government capable of handling our nation's
problems.
Group Time!!!
Get in your groups now…
Each person will do their OWN Social
Contract – discuss ideas in your group but
do your own Social Contract.
“I will be a great Student if Riverdale …”