Mixed-Methods and
Mixed-Model Designs
Leslie 9810008m
Sarbina9810002m
Outline
 Definition and Characteristics
 Importance in Educational and Psychological
research
 Philosophical Assumptions: Pragmatism, Mixing
Paradigms, and Transformation
Definition and Characteristics
It uses both qualitative and quantitative
methods in the design, data collection, and
analysis.
First, using quantitative analysis, and then
followed by content analysis of qualitative
data.
Importance in Educational and Psychological research
 We are able to obtain a more complete picture of
human behavior and experience.
 You have to provide broader and deeper
understanding of the issue.
Philosophical Assumptions: Pragmatism, Mixing Paradigms,
and Transformation
 Pragmatic paradigm
 Researcher determines which method to
use to answer a specific research question.
e.g., find a problem/ issue and use a
method for solutions.
Conduct the study and anticipate the
results based on researcher’s own values
and explanations. (the result may match
their value system)
Philosophical Assumptions: Pragmatism, Mixing Paradigms,
and Transformation
 Transformative paradigm
Emphasize minority group’s values and
viewpoints for “social change”.
Mixed-Methods/Models
Designs Options
Mixed-Methods/Models Designs:
4 options
Pragmatic parallel mixed-methods
Pragmatic sequential mixed-methods
Transformative parallel mixed-methods
Transformative sequential mixed-methods
Pragmatic parallel mixed-methods
 Purpose: To answer researcher’s questions
 Collect quantitative and qualitative data
simultaneously or with a small time lag.
 No data analysis
Pragmatic sequential mixed-method
 Purpose: To answer researcher’s questions
 Collect and analyze one type of data as a basis
for another type of data.
ex: Quantitative
Qualitative
 The second strand of research is to confirm or
disconfirm the first strand
Transformative parallel mixed-method
 Purpose: To promote social or political change
 Focus on marginalized groups’ opinions
 Collect quantitative and qualitative data
simultaneously or with a small time lag.
 No data analysis
Transformative sequential mixed-method
 Purpose: To promote social or political change
 Focus on marginalized groups’ opinions
 Collect and analyze one type of data as a basis
for another type of data.
ex: Quantitative
Qualitative
 The second strand of research is to confirm or
disconfirm the first strand
Questions for Critically
Analyzing Mixed-Methods
Research
 Inference quality would be termed internal
validity (quantitative) or trustworthiness
(qualitative).
 Consistency means the appropriate usage of
research purpose, questions and methods.
 Need to link the conflicts between quantitative
and qualitative.
 Need to take demographic factors into account.
ex: gender/ reading or writing level/ disability
Questions you need to ask
yourselves
 What are your purposes and questions?
 Do you use the appropriate methods to your
purposes and questions?
 To what extent do you have to adhere to the
criteria that define quality for the quantitative
portion of the study?(ex: internal validity,
external validity, reliability, objectivity)
 To what extent do you have to adhere to the
criteria that define quality for the qualitative
portion of the study?(ex: credibility, transferability,
dependability, confirmability, authenticity,
transformative)
 How do you solve conflicts during the process of
design and implementation of the study?
 What is the limitations for generalization?
 How do you integrate the results from the mixedmethods? How do you explain the conflicting
findings if necessary?
 How do you control and explain the factors of
gender, language levels, etc?
Thank you for listening