The Republicans Take
Power
Match the description to the term
1.
laissez-faire
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2.
John Marshall

3.
Judiciary Act of 1801

4.
Aaron Burr
5.
Albert Gallatin


vice president under
Thomas Jefferson
increased the number
of federal judges
secretary of the
treasury under
Thomas Jefferson
French expression for
“let the people do as
they choose”
broadened federal
power at the expense
of the states
6. What does the 12th Amendment do?
7. What was Jefferson’s and Gallatin’s
plan to reduce the National Debt?
8. Why would Adams want to fill the
new Judge positions with Federalists?
9. Why did Marbury v. Madison go to
the Supreme Court?
10. What are the three principals of
Judicial Review?
Jefferson Becomes President
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
The nation’s new capital,
Washington, D.C., was located on
the Potomac River.
The city contained only two
prominent buildings: the White
House and the unfinished Capitol.
The Election of 1800


In the election of 1800, Thomas
Jefferson was the Republican
nominee for president, and Aaron
Burr was the Republican vice
presidential candidate.
John Adams was the Federalist
candidate for president, and Charles
Pinckney of South Carolina was the
vice-presidential candidate.


Neither candidate travelled around
the country making speeches and
campaigning.
Instead they wrote letters to leading
citizens and newspapers to publicize
their views.


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Because the Electoral College voted for
President and Vice President separately
not as a team, Jefferson and Burr tied for
the most votes, so the House of
Representatives had to decide the
election.
One Federalist in the HOR, with the urging
of Alexander Hamilton, decided not to vote
for Burr, so Jefferson became president
and Burr became vice president.
There had been a long standing political
and personal bitterness between Burr and
Hamilton, which will ultimately lead to a
duel between the men and one of them
will be murdered!


Congress ratified the Twelfth
Amendment in 1804, which requires
electors to vote for president and
vice president on separate ballots.
This amendment would prevent
another tie between a presidential
and a vice-presidential candidate.



Jefferson tried to reach out to
Federalists in his Inaugural Address.
He also emphasized reducing the
power of the federal government.
This idea is similar to the French
philosophy laissez-faire, which
means “let (people) do (as they
choose).”
Exit Question 1

How do election campaigns of today
differ from those of 1800?
Jefferson’s Policies


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Jefferson’s administration was small
compared to those of today.
This followed his idea of limited
national government.
Jefferson appointed James Madison
as secretary of state and Albert
Gallatin as secretary of treasury.
Jefferson and Gallatin wanted to
reduce the national debt and they
cut military expenses to do so.



The Judiciary Act of 1801
increased the number of federal
judges.
Before leaving office, Adams filled
many of the judicial positions with
Federalists so that Federalists could
control the courts.
These judges were known as
“midnight judges.”



After Jefferson was elected, he told
Secretary of State Madison not to
deliver the outstanding commissions.
To force the delivery of his
commission, William Marbury took
the case to the Supreme Court.
Chief Justice John Marshall turned
down Marbury’s claim.


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With his decision, Marshall set out
three principals of judicial review:
The Constitution is the supreme law
of the land;
when there is conflict between the
Constitution and any other law, the
Constitution must be followed;
and the judicial branch has an
obligation to uphold the Constitution.

In cases like McCulloch v. Maryland
and Gibbons v. Ogden the Supreme
Court broadened the power of the
federal government at the expense
of the states.
Exit Question 2

Who were the “midnight judges” and
what did Adams hope to accomplish
by appointing them?