Welcome to our
writing world !
Developing Paragraphs by
Comparison and Contrast



What is Comparison and Contrast.
Strategies(策略) for Using Comparison and
Contrast
How to Organize a Comparison and Contrast
Essay.
What is Comparison and Contrast.
Comparison and contrast is a method used by writers
to bring together two subjects in order to analyze their
similarities and differences or highlight(强调） the
essential characteristics of one or more subjects.
Furthermore, the process of comparing and contrasting
two things allows us to gain a new perspective（观点）
on the objects of our examination by seeing one of them
in terms of the other or each in terms of the other. As
a result, we can understand our subjects better than we
would have if we simply examine them individually in
isolation（隔绝）.
Strictly speaking, a comparison points out the
similarities between two or more persons or
things of the same class. While a contrast,
points out the differences between them.
Strategies(策略) for Using
Comparison and Contrast.

Determine Your Audience.

Find a Suitable Topic.

Use Charts to do the Prewriting.

Establish a Basis of Comparison.

Select Points for Discussion.
As you plan a comparison and contrast
essay,think ahead about what your readers
already know and what they are going to
expect.First,ask yourself what they know
about the items or idea you going to
comparison.
If your readers know a lot about the items, you
can spend little time pointing out similarities
on your reasons for making the
comparison.when readers know little about
either, you will have to define each.If your
readers know only one item, then use the
known to explain the un known.
How to Organize a Comparison and Contrast Essay ?



How to introduce a comparison
and contrast essay
How to develop the body of a
comparison and contrast essay
How to end a comparison and
contrast essay
How to introduce a comparison and
contrast essay

Explain your purpose in making the comparison
and contrast.


Provide the background information which
promotes you to do the writing.
Include a thesis(论题) in the introduction.
Sample
When you deciding on a thesis for a Comparison and Contrast essay ,do
not just say something like “X and Y have important similarities and
differences . ”or“X is very similar to /different from Y.”
Instead,you should look carefully at those similarities and
differences and
ask yourself these question :“What do you learn from having
discovered
similarities and differences ?”“How does it affect your preference or
point of view?”
The answer to these questions can lead to a thesis statement like “A
comparison of the rural(乡村） life with the urban life will reveal（展
现） the reason why I
prefer to live in the countryside than to live in the city”.That is a
thesis that
a reader might find interesting-or at least worth reading about.
Haw to develop the body of a comparison
and contrast essay.

The subject-by-subject
pattern.

The point-by-point
pattern.

The likeness-difference
pattern.
(1)The subject-by-subject pattern.
The subject-by-subject pattern is to discuss the
important features of one subject firth and then
turn to the second subject and explain how its
important features compare or contrast with those
of the first subject.The pattern can be shown
briefly as
Subject A: Point 1
Point 2
Point 3
Subject B: Point 1
Point 2
Point 3
Sample
You compare two magazines, Women’s Weekly and Women, in
three general points: front cover, print quality and
content. The subject-by-subject pattern goes like this:
Subject A: Women’s Weekly:
 (1)
Front cover: attractive, with photos of celebrities
（名人）, small pictures along with highlights(最重要的部分)
of the contents
 (2)
Print quality and paper: art paper, vivid pictures and
dazzling(眼花缭乱) colors
 (3)
Content: topics catering(迎合) for various kinds of
needs
Subject B:Women:
 (1)
Front cover: less attractive, with pictures of
starlets(演配角而出名的女演员) or minor（二流） fashion
models
 (2)
Print quality and paper: poor paper, rough pictures
and dull colors
 (3)
Content: topics sometimes either too radical(根本的)
or irrelevant(不重要的) to women
(2)The point-by-point pattern.
This pattern explains the similarities and differences in each point of
both subjects in turn. It is essential if your material is complicated
or if your essay is a long one. It is also a standard pattern for
academic comparison and contrast essays. Most of your writing
assignments will require you to follow this pattern. The pattern can
be shown briefly as：
Point 1: Subject A
Subject B
Point 2: Subject A
Subject B
Point 3: Subject A
Subject B
Sample
if this pattern is adopted, the previous contrast of the two magazines
may go like this:
Point 1: Front cover
A. Women’s Weekly: attractive, with photos of celebrities, small pictures
along with highlights(最重要的部分) of the contents
B. Women: less attractive, with pictures of starlets(演配角而出名的女演员) or
minor fashion models
Point 2: Print quality and paper
A.Women’s Weekly: art paper, vivid pictures and dazzling(使人眩目的，特别吸
引人的) colors
B. Women: poor paper, rough pictures and dull colors
Point 3:Content
A Women’s Weekly: topics catering(满足) for various kinds of needs
B. Women: topics sometimes either too radical(根本的) or irrelevant(不重要的)
to women
（3）The likeness-difference pattern.
You put all the similarities between the subjects together and all the
differences together. This pattern is suited to subjects whose
likeness and differences are more or less balanced.
For example, in an essay comparing tow jobs, one paragraph will explain the
similarities, and another or two others will show the differences. Look at
the following:
1. Introduction.
2. 2. Similarities A. Salary
B. Fringe benefits(福利)
3. Differences A. Atmosphere(气氛）
B. Opportunities for advancement
4. Conclusion
How to end a comparison and contrast
essay
You may ,for instance ,propose (计划）an action,
stimulate（鼓励） the reader, make a
generalization, or briefly tie your subjects and
your purpose together without repeating what
you have already said in the body or in the
introduction. All of these strategies, among
others, conclude instead of summarize
Thanks for
your
attention!
Made by:
2001,Class4,Grade2.
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