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实验类文章阅读技巧
德宜
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小马公开课
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实验类文章常见词汇
experiment (carry out an experiment/as the experiment unfold)
question (pose a question/a question posed by)
problem (sort out/...concerned with)
procedure (follow the procedure)
process
subject/variable
instruction (give instruction to subject; obey instruction)
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approach
reaction
effect (have an effect on)
evidence
prediction/predict
result
explanation
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小马公开课
400-663-1986
implication
issue
phenomenon /theory(to discover/uncover)
institute/organization
associates
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小马公开课
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表示结论的常用词
argue/claim/point out/prove/demonstrate/
reveal/suspect/predict/anticipate/
ancknowledge/maintain that...
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小马公开课
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类型一
剑5 T2 P2
剑7 T4 P3
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14.Arthur Koestler considered laughter biologically important in several ways.
15 Plato believed humour to be a sign of above-average intelligence.
16 Kant believed that a successful joke involves the controlled release of nervous energy.
17 Current thinking on humour has largely ignored Aristotle's view on the subject.
18 Graeme Ritchie's work links jokes to artificial intelligence.
19 Most comedians use personal situations as a source of humour.
20 Chimpanzees make particular noises when they are playing.
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小马公开课
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例.Arthur Koestler considered laughter biologically important in
several ways.
The joke comes over the headphones: 'Which side of a dog has the
most hair? The left'. No, not funny. Try again. 'Which side of a
dog has the most hair? The outside.' Hah! The punchline is silly
yet fitting, tempting a smile, even a laugh. Laughter has always
struck people as deeply mysterious, perhaps pointless. The writer
Arthur Koestler dubbed it the luxury reflex: 'unique in that it
serves no apparent biological purpose'.
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例： 35 Subjects exposed to noise find it difficult at first to
concentrate on problem-solving tasks.
36 Long-term exposure to noise can produce changes in
behaviour which can still be observed a year later.
37 The problems associated with exposure to noise do not arise
if the subject knows they can make it stop.
400-663-1986
List of Researchers
A Glass and Singer
B Broadbent
C Finkelman and Glass
38 Exposure to high-pitched noise results in more errors than
exposure to low-pitched noise.
D Cohen et al.
39 Subjects find it difficult to perform three tasks at the same
time when exposed to noise.
E None of the above
40 Noise affects a subject's capacity to repeat numbers while
carrying out another task.
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The results suggest that 34 ………… noise produces
fatigue but that this manifests itself later.
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Unpredictable Noise
Predictable Noise
Loud noise40．1
31．8
35．9
Soft noise 36．7
27.4
32．1
Average
29．6
38.4
400-663-1986
Average
Table 1: Proofreading Errors and Noise
Apparently, unpredictable noise produces more fatigue than predictable noise,
but it takes a while for this fatigue to take its toll on performance.
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小马公开课
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类型二
剑5 T1 P2
剑6 T3 P3
剑7 T1 P3
剑8 T1 P3
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小马公开课
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结构
实验背景
实验对象
实验过程
实验结果
结果分析
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小马公开课
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nature or nurture
Write the correct letter A-I in boxes 14-19 on your answer sheet.
14 a biological explanation of the teacher-subjects' behaviour
15 the explanation Milgram gave the teacher-subjects for the experiment
16 the identity of the pupils
17 the expected statistical outcome
18 the general aim of sociobiological study
19 the way Milgram persuaded the teacher-subjects to continue
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In boxes 23-26 on your answer sheet, write
TRUE
if the statement agrees with the information
FALSE
if the statement contradicts the information
NOT GIVEN
if there is no information on this
23 Several of the subjects were psychology students at Yale University.
24 Some people may believe that the teacher-subjects' behaviour could be explained as a
positive survival mechanism.
25 In a sociological explanation, personal values are more powerful than authority.
26 Milgram's experiment solves an important question in sociobiology.
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400-663-1986
TELEPATHY
27.Researchers with differing attitudes towards
telepathy agree on
28.Reports of experiences during meditation
indicated
29.Attitudes to parapsychology would alter
drastically with
30.Recent autoganzfeld trials suggest that success
rates will improve with
A
the discovery of a mechanism for telepathy.
B
telepathy.
the need to create a suitable environment for
C
their claims of a high success rate.
D
guessing.
a solution to the problem posed by random
E
the significance of the ganzfeld experiments.
F
a more careful selection of subjects.
G
a need to keep altering conditions.
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The search for anti-aging pill
YES
if the statement agrees with the claims of the writer
NO
if the statement contradicts the claims of the writer
NOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this
28 Studies show drugs available today can delay the process of growing old.
As researchers on aging noted recently, no treatment on the market today
has been proved to slow human aging - the build-up of molecular and
cellular damage that increases vulnerability to infirmity as we grow older.
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29 There is scientific evidence that eating fewer calories
may extend human life.
Those findings suggest that caloric restriction could
delay aging and increase longevity in humans, too.
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400-663-1986
32 In experiments, rats who ate what they wanted led shorter lives
than rats on a low-calorie diet.
Scientists first recognized the value of the practice more than 60
years ago, when they found that rats fed a low-calorie diet lived
longer on average than free-feeding rats and also had a reduced
incidence of conditions that become increasingly common in old
age.
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400-663-1986
Questions 33-37
33 Monkeys were less likely to become diabetic.
Classify the following descriptions as relating to
34 Monkeys experienced more chronic disease.
A caloric-restricted monkeys
35 Monkeys have been shown to experience a longer
than average life span.
B control monkeys
C neither caloric-restricted monkeys nor control
monkeys
36 Monkeys enjoyed a reduced chance of heart
disease.
37 Monkeys produced greater quantities of insulin.
Write the correct letter, A, B or C, in boxes 33-37 on
your answer sheet.
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小马公开课
400-663-1986
EDUCATING PSYCHE
28 Lozanov's theory claims that, when we try to remember things,
A unimportant details are the easiest to recall.
B concentrating hard produces the best results.
C the most significant facts are most easily recalled.
D peripheral vision is not important.
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Lozanov's instructional technique is based on the evidence that the
connections made in the brain through unconscious processing
(which he calls non-specific mental reactivity) are more durable than
those made through conscious processing. Besides the laboratory
evidence for this, we know from our experience that we often
remember what we have perceived peripherally, long after we have
forgotten what we set out to learn. If we think of a book we studied
months or years ago, .......
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400-663-1986
29 In this passage, the author uses the examples of a book and a lecture to
illustrate that
A both of these are important for developing concentration.
B his theory about methods of learning is valid.
C reading is a better technique for learning than listening.
D we can remember things more easily under hypnosis.
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小马公开课
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30 Lozanov claims that teachers should train students to
A memorise details of the curriculum.
B develop their own sets of indirect instructions.
C think about something other than the curriculum content.
D avoid overloading the capacity of the brain.
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小马公开课
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Lozanov therefore made indirect instruction (suggestion)
central to his teaching system. In suggestopedia, as he
called his method, consciousness is shifted away from
the curriculum to focus on something peripheral.
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Thank you for listening!
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