Microsoft SQL Server
Administration for SAP
SQL Server Architecture
Overview





SQL Server Architecture
SQL Server with SAP
Performance Monitoring and Tuning
Administration and Troubleshooting
Database Backup and Restore
2
Database Server
Results
Transact-SQL
Application
Client
SQL Server
Relational Database
Management System
3
SQL Server Service
4
Client / Server
Client
Server
Application
SQL Server
Database Interface
Open Data
Services
Network Library
Network Library
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)
5
SQL Server Client Network
Utility
6
SQL Server Network Utility
7
SQL Server Client Tools








SQL Enterprise Manager
SQL Query Analyzer
Service Manager
Server & Client Network Utility
Performance Monitor
SQL Profiler
Index Tuning Wizard
Data Transformation Services
8
Configuring SQL Enterprise
Manager
9
Threads and Fibers

SQL Server process maintains pool
of threads to process client requests

SQL Server can also be configured
to use lightweight pooling(fibers)

max worker threads
10
Databases
System Databases
master
model
tempdb
msdb
pubs
northwind
VIE
distribution
User Databases
11
Database Files
Database
Data (file)
Log (file)
.mdf or .ndf
.ldf
Tables, Indexes
Data
Page (8 KB)
Max row size = 8092 bytes
Extent
(8 contiguous
8-KB pages)
12
Data Files




Filegroups
Data & log files autogrow
Proportional fill
Pages and Extents





GAM
SGAM
PFS
IAM
In row text
13
Storage Engine

Data Cache & Proc cache







Cache hit ratio / free buffers
Transaction log
Lazy Writer
Lock Manager
Log Writer
Checkpoint / log truncation
Background task
14
Hardware Configuration



Balance and push the bottleneck to
expensive component
CPU and L2 cache
Memory


Hard and Soft Paging
System Area Networks

Support of SAN Network Interfaces
 cLan from GigaNet
 Servernet II from Compaq
 20% perf gain
15
I/O components - Disks

How fast is a disk?


SQL Server reads 8K random
(page reads)




Depends on the type of I/O workload
Singleton (or few) select/update/insert
Lazy writer
Checkpoint processing
SQL Server reads 64K sequential
(extent reads)


Table and index scans
Backup, index creation, DBCC, etc…
16
I/O components - Disks





Max throughput ~10 MB/sec
Max sequential transfers/sec ~150
Max random transfers/sec ~100
OLTP constrained by transfers/sec
DSS constrained by MB/sec
sec
8K
64K
RealisticI/Otransfer
rates:

Sequential I/O
Random I/O
150
100
1.2 MB/sec
0.8 MB /sec
9.4 MB/sec
6.3 MB/sec
17
Hardware Configuration

Disk






Raid 0, 10, 5
Pagefile, tempdb, log and data files
location
h/w bandwidth limitations
Disk queue length
Write caching controllers
Latch wait time
18
Row Identifiers
Base table organizations

Fixed RID
Fixed Row Identifier (RID)




Rows identified by RID
(8 bytes consisting of File#,
Page#, Slot#)
RIDs do not change unless
a row is deleted and
reinserted elsewhere
RIDs can be reused once
the transaction that deletes
a row commits
RIDs used as lock resource
19
Row Identifiers
Base table organizations

Clustered index
Clustered index


Rows identified by
unique clustering key
Clustering key used
as lock resource
20
Secondary Indexes
Secondary index

Secondary indices

Key
“Locator”

Points to either


Index terms consist
of key, “locator”
pairs
Locators are stable
with respect to base
table organization
(unlike 6.X)
Locator may be
either RID (Fixed
RID) or clustering
key (clustered index)
Unique key/locator
pair used as lock
resource
21
Index Changes
Secondary index lookup on key “Adams”
Adams
6
Adams
6
Lewis
1
1
Smith
11
Lewis Dan
... 6
Adams Kim
... 11
Smith Ken
Clustering index data
Key
Locator (clustering Key)
22
Index on Views






Create View with SCHEMABINDING
Create Unique Clustered Index on
View
All Nonclustered Indexes are
dropped if Clustered Index is
dropped
Indexed Views are maintained
automatically
SET Options
EXPAND VIEWS and NOEXPAND
23
Referring to SQL Server
Objects


Fully Qualified Names
Partially Specified Names

Server defaults to local server

Database defaults to current database

Owner defaults to the user name in the
database
pubs.dbo.authors
24
System Tables



Store Information (Metadata) About
the System and Database Objects
Database Catalog Stores Metadata
About a Specific Database
System Catalog Stores Metadata
About the Entire System and All
Other Databases
25
Metadata Retrieval

System Stored Procedures


System Functions


sp_help authors
select getdate()
Information Schema Views

select * FROM
INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES
26
Common System Procedures
and System Tables

System stored procedures






System tables


sp_help, sp_helpindex
sp_helpdb, sp_helpfile/filegroup
sp_who, sp_lock
sp_depends, sp_recompile
sp_readerrorlog
sysobjects, sysindexes, sysprocesses
System functions

Object_name/id, index_col
27
Login Authentication,
Database User Accounts
Windows NT
Verifies Password
Windows NT
Group User
SQL Server Assigns Logins
to User Accounts and Roles
Windows NT
SQL
Database
User Account
SQL Server
SQL Server
Login Account
SQL Server
Verifies Password
Database Role
28
29
Server Properties
30
Server Properties
31
Database Properties
32
Installing SQL Server







Installation Path
Character Set and Sort Order
Collations
Network Support
SQL Server Service Account
Licensing Mode
Instance Name


SQL Server 2000 only
Only Clients needs to be installed on
Application Server
33
Lab work




Install SQL Server
Start and Stop SQL Server Service
Register your server with SQL
Enterprise Manager
Search a Topic in Books Online



Online help for Create Table
Create a Table with Clustered Index
Check at the Server and Database
Properties
34
Summary

Write a summary for this module
35