Measurement of Arts and Culture
Industries in Canada
Balancing the needs of economic accounts
and policy
27th Voorburg Group Meeting
Warsaw, Poland
Context
 Measurement of culture in Canada is driven by two priorities:
•
•
Production of economic accounts
 Annual surveys measure economic activity using common classifications
and frameworks
Supporting the development of culture policy
 Drivers of culture policy
– Economic impact of culture activities
– Promotion of Canadian content, foster cultural participation and
strengthen connections among Canadians.
 Culture statistics produced by Statistics Canada support both
priorities.
2
Statistics Canada • Statistique Canada
13/04/2015
Defining arts and culture
 Data in economic accounts are defined using established standards:
•
•
Industry: North American Industry Classification System
Products: North American Product Classification System
 Data in support of culture policy defined using a separate
framework:
•
•
3
Conceptual Framework for Culture Statistics
Classification Guide for the Conceptual Framework for Culture Statistics
Statistics Canada • Statistique Canada
13/04/2015
Why a separate framework for
culture statistics?
 “Culture” is a value-laden term. An agreed upon framework defines
culture and helps to identify what is included and excluded.
 “Culture” does not exist as unique industries, products or
occupations
 Cultural products and industries can be found among various
industries – the CFCS draws a boundary around what we want to
measure and relate it to existing comparable standards
4
Statistics Canada • Statistique Canada
13/04/2015
Canada is not alone in developing
frameworks for culture statistics




5
UNESCO – 2009 UNESCO Framework for Cultural Statistics
Eurostat
Australia – Australian Culture and recreation Statistics Framework
New Zealand – New Zealand Framework for Cultural Statistics
(1995)
Statistics Canada • Statistique Canada
13/04/2015
Policy-based definitions of culture
 Definition of culture
•
Creative artistic activity and services produced by it, and the preservation of
heritage.
 Culture occurs in various industries, can be found in different
products and is practiced in different occupations. The framework
applies this definition of culture to determine if that product, industry
or occupation is cultural
6
Statistics Canada • Statistique Canada
13/04/2015
Criteria for a product being cultural
 Culture products must meet one of the following:
•
•
•
•
•
•
7
It has the potential of being protected by copyright legislation, or in other words,
be ‘copyrightable’. Examples include a magazine article, script, manuscript,
drawing, choreography, book, newspaper column, sculpture, radio program, film,
videogame, etc.;
It supports the creation, production, dissemination or preservation of culture
products, e.g. recording, manufacturing, printing, broadcasting, podcasting, etc.;
It adds to, or alters, the content of a culture product (content services),
e.g. editorial services, translation, illustration, layout and design, music, etc.;
It preserves, exhibits, or interprets human or natural heritage, e.g. historic sites
and buildings, archives, museums, art galleries, libraries, botanical gardens,
zoos, etc.;
It provides training or educational services aimed at individuals who create,
produce or preserve culture products; or
It governs, finances, or supports directly culture creation, production or
dissemination, e.g. services provided by government, unions, associations,
managers, copyright societies, etc.
Statistics Canada • Statistique Canada
13/04/2015
Creative chain for culture goods
and services
8
Statistics Canada • Statistique Canada
13/04/2015
Culture domains
 Culture does not exist in a distinct industry sector – businesses and
organizations involved in culture can be found in many different
industries
 The CFCS has created “domains” which are unique groupings that
reflect an industry, group of products and group of occupations
9
Statistics Canada • Statistique Canada
13/04/2015
Defining culture domains
 Core culture sub-domains
•
produce goods and services that are the result of creative artistic activity and
whose main purpose is often the transmission of an intellectual or culture
concept.
 Ancillary culture sub-domains
•
produce goods and services that are the result of creative artistic activity (e.g.
designs, architectural plans), but their primary purpose is not the transmission of
an intellectual or culture concept.
 Related domains
•
•
10
While linked to the broader definition of culture in society, have no culture
components according to the criteria outlined in the Framework.
Related domains are not included in the measurement of culture but are
described in this framework in recognition of their strong links with culture in
many Canadian jurisdictions
Statistics Canada • Statistique Canada
13/04/2015
Culture domains
11
Statistics Canada • Statistique Canada
13/04/2015
National accounting concepts and
issues
 Data on arts and culture are used in a number of products:
•
•
•
•
Input-Output Accounts
Monthly Industry Gross Domestic Product
Provincial GDP
Some estimates are used as estimates of personal expenditure
 Annual business survey structured to meet the needs of the SNA
•
•
12
Industries and products align well to NAICS and NAPCS.
Financial data all consistent with the Chart of Accounts
Statistics Canada • Statistique Canada
13/04/2015
Culture satellite account
 CSNA does not meet all the needs of the culture policy community.
•
•
Culture can cut across published commodity and industry groupings.
Satellite account for culture developed in collaboration with the Department of
Canadian Heritage
 The CSA is derived from the Input-Output accounts
•
•
•
Starting with the CFCS, IO industries and commodities that contain culture are
identified.
A culture industry may derive only a portion of its revenue from the sale of
culture products. In addition, some culture products are sold from industries that
are not typically considered as “culture”.
The development of the CSA has involved splitting out cultural activities and
products from higher level aggregates.
 The culture satellite account provides a link between the economic
statistics program and the CFCF
13
Statistics Canada • Statistique Canada
13/04/2015
Turnover by selected industries, 2009
CAD million
Performing Arts
Heritage Institutions
Sound recording and music publishing
Periodical publishers
Newspaper publishers
Motion picture theatres
Film, television and video production
Film, television and video post-production
Film and video distribution
Book publishers
Industry
0
14
1000
2000
3000
4000
Statistics Canada • Statistique Canada
5000
6000
13/04/2015
Summary
 Culture statistics are an example of a subject-matter area that has
an interest beyond the production of economic accounts.
 Supporting the development of cultural policy has led to the
development of a framework that seeks to identify the linkages
between the various actors in the culture sector. This development
has led further to the development of a Culture Satellite Account.
 In addition, in unique content has been developed for production
surveys to collect not just information on inputs and outputs, but also
the characteristics of these outputs (i.e. language).
15
Statistics Canada • Statistique Canada
13/04/2015