The OECD STAN Database
1st World KLEMS Conference
19th-20th August 2010
Colin Webb
OECD STI/EAS
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The STAN family
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STAN – industry: www.oecd.org/sti/stan
Bilateral Trade by industry (STAN-BTD):
www.oecd.org/sti/btd
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Business Expenditure on R&D by industry
(STAN-R&D or ANBERD):
www.oecd.org/sti/anberd
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Input-Output tables (STAN-IO):
www.oecd.org/sti/inputoutput
+ derived set of ‘STAN Indicators’:
www.oecd.org/sti/stan/indicators
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Origins of STAN
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Early 1990s - Measurement and Analysis of
Embodied Technology Diffusion. Impact on
Productivity. Papaconstantinou, Sakurai, Wyckoff
Tools developed: ‘Harmonised’ Industry x Industry
I-O Tables for 10 countries (1970, 80, 90); Bilateral
Trade by industry, R&D by industry and a ‘STANindustry’ database.
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Compatible ISIC Rev.2 industry lists
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R&D intensities calculated: direct R&D + R&D
embodied in intermediates and GFCF both
domestically produced and imported.
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By-product = Technology classification
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STAN mid-1990s
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Manufactures only – from 1970.
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49 industries based on ISIC Rev. 2
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7 measures – current price data only
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16 OECD countries
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Primary source = SNA68 data
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Available to external users for US$ 290
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Used for a range of STructural ANalyses and
calculation of basic indicators
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STAN today
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Covers whole economy – from 1970.
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About 100 industries based on ISIC Rev. 3
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30 measures
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30 OECD countries (data to 2008 for 24)
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Primary source = SNA93 data
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Distributed for free
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Rolling update (since 2000)
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STAN user distribution list (since 2000)
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Increased use for productivity analyses
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Notable changes in source data since 1990s
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SNA 68  SNA 93
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Classifications: NACE in EU, SIC  NAICS.
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Valuation of SNA value added  Basic prices
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SNA: Software  investment
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Use of quality-adjusted ‘hedonic’ deflators (ICT)
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SNA: Volumes: Fixed base  Chained Laspeyres
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SNA: allocation of FISIM across industries
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EU: SNA activity detail; A17 A31 A60 (2-digit)
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Surveys: coverage, thresholds, definitions
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EU SBS units: establishments  enterprises
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STAN sources and updating cycle
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Update cycle starts in the summer – follows rhythm of
releases of National Accounts by activity data
– July –October: most EU countries + Korea and Mexico
– November – January: Other non-EU OECD countries
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Most detailed SNA data provided directly by NSOs or
via online extractions, but we may need to wait for
– Replies to official OECD/Eurostat annual SNA questionnaire
– Release of Industrial survey / census data (SSIS, SBS)
– Supply-Use tables if more detailed current price data output
than official SNA tables
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Vintage data (SNA68, ISIC Rev.2) used to make
estimates for earlier years
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STAN v.
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Similar industry list. Different country coverage.
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EU KLEMS: designed for advanced productivity
analysis. Many more measures e.g. breakdown of
intermediate inputs and labour inputs and a rich set of
capital input estimates, but = heavier data requirements
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STAN: Frequent updates for a broader range of uses.
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STAN family includes R&D expenditure (ANBERD) ...
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… and exports and imports of goods by industry
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STAN leaves gaps when no alternative data sources to
make estimates. Also, has notes at cell level to
distinguish estimates from official SNA data
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STAN next steps
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Improved documentation
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New countries in STAN
– New OECD members (Chile, Estonia, Israel, Slovenia)
– OECD Enhanced Engagement Countries (Brazil, China,
India, Indonesia and South Africa) + other G20?
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Implementation of ISIC Rev. 4 (NACE Rev.2)
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Also note: SNA08 (e.g. capitalisation of R&D)
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Develop closer operational links with EU KLEMS
project (and World KLEMS?) particularly given
forthcoming upheaval due to ISIC Rev. 4
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ISIC Rev. 4
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Published by UNSD in August 2008
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Closer to NAICS than ISIC Rev. 3
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EU countries adopting the related NACE Rev.2
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Some other countries using derivatives (e.g. ANZSIC)
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Implementation at OECD driven by provision of
NACE Rev 2. data by EU countries.
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SNA data according to NACE Rev.2 not expected
before end-2011 – for many countries only from year
2000 and with limited industry detail
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EU Structural Business Statistics already published
according to NACE Rev.2 (for 2008 only)
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ISIC Rev. 4 – what we need
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New industry list(s) for STAN data sets (and EU KLEMS)
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Conversion tables from National SICs to ISIC Rev.4
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ISIC Rev.4 to ISIC Rev.3 conversion key (transition period)
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ISIC Rev.3 to ISIC Rev.4 conversion key (historic data)
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Definition of special industry aggregates (e.g. High Tech.
manufactures)
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HS to ISIC Rev.4 conversion for trade data (BTD)
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Minimum spread of first releases of OECD ISIC Rev. 4 data
sets
This will not be easy: Note that ISIC Rev.3 released in
1990, SNA 1993, but first STAN ISIC Rev.3 tables in 2000
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OECD’s general role
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International Standards – SNA, ISIC etc.
Related methodology e.g. SNA08: measurement of
R&D investment (c.f. software under SNA93)
Guiding implementation – not only in OECD countries
e.g. OECD/China SNA program
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Strong links with NSOs, Ministries, policy makers
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Dialogue – various Working Parties
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First line of data quality control
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Vintage / archived data sets (for OECD countries)
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Final messages
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Compiling internationally comparable databases,
such as STAN and EU KLEMS, is hard work but of
immense value to economic researchers worldwide
It’s during times of major changes in classification
and methodology, when there is limited coverage
for official statistics, that such databases are most
needed (c.f. ISIC Rev.2.  Rev.3 / SNA68 
SNA93) …
… but most difficult to produce as longer timeseries have to be imputed
Advocate strong links between OECD and EU
KLEMS / World KLEMS
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