Gender and REDD workshop
Zanzibar 18-20 April 2011
Summary of discussions
Gender and REDD Training Workshop, CARE/HIMA, Apirl 2011
Day One
• Understanding Gender
• Gender in context of REDD
• What is women’s empowerment
Gender and REDD Training Workshop, CARE/HIMA, Apirl 2011
Difference between sex and gender:
• Sex is biological: the difference is that women
can bear children
• Gender is social: both men and women are
strong, can lead families, have rights, etc.
• It is societies that make the rules that treat
them differently and give men more
opportunity.
Gender and REDD Training Workshop, CARE/HIMA, Apirl 2011
Why gender and REDD:
• Women are discriminated against across the
whole world and suffer greater illiteracy, food
insecurity and restrictions than men.
• The discussion on climate change in general is
blind to issues of gender.
• REDD also ignores gender and our job is to
make sure that women can benefit from REDD
and that REDD will not harm them.
Gender and REDD Training Workshop, CARE/HIMA, Apirl 2011
Women’s empowerment:
• Most projects that say they are working on
gender concentrate on two aspects:
– numbers of women participating, and
– influence of women in household decisions.
• But women’s empowerment is more complex
than this.
Gender and REDD Training Workshop, CARE/HIMA, Apirl 2011
CARE’s “three strong legs”model
Women’s empowerment needs three things:
1. individual empowerment of women (called
“agency”)
2. strengthening how women interact with others
(called “relations”); and
3. changing the rules and institutions of society
(called “structure”).
We then looked at 23 “sub-dimensions” of the
framework as a way of discussing how much each
of our projects does on women’s empowerment.
Gender and REDD Training Workshop, CARE/HIMA, Apirl 2011
Summary of Day 1 learning points (1):
• Gender relations is a social creation, that is
made up by humans and can be changed by
humans.
• The reason that we target women’s
empowerment is that men are already in a
more privileged position, so to achieve
equality we must focus on women.
• Gender equity requires working with both
women and men, because both genders have
to cooperate and support change.
Gender and REDD Training Workshop, CARE/HIMA, Apirl 2011
Summary of Day 1 learning points (2):
• REDD is avoiding loss of trees, REDD+ is
encouraging growth of trees. One is not better
than the other. Both are about carbon, and
both have livelihoods and gender impacts.
• Women’s empowerment tools can help us
look more deeply at what we do in REDD
projects in relation to gender.
Gender and REDD Training Workshop, CARE/HIMA, Apirl 2011
Question
• Is the CARE three stool model useful or is it
too complicated? How does it fit with the
NORAD one?
Answer: ANY TOOL IS ONLY AS USEFUL AS HOW
IT IS USED. THE PROCESS IS MORE IMPORTANT
THAN THE SPECIFIC TOOL. USE AND MODIFY
AND SELECT AS SUITS YOU BEST.
Gender and REDD Training Workshop, CARE/HIMA, Apirl 2011
Day Two
• Mainstreaming Gender
• Risks and Opportunities of REDD
• Good practice in reporting in a gender
sensitive way
• Monitoring indicators
Gender and REDD Training Workshop, CARE/HIMA, Apirl 2011
MAINSTREAMING
• The term “mainstreaming” is commonly used
without proper definition. It entails
– Gender being integrated into everything an
organisation does and it being part of everyone’s job
– Addressing the roles of both men and women
– Questioning the structures that affect relations
between men and women, not just squeezing
women into male-oriented processes
Gender and REDD Training Workshop, CARE/HIMA, Apirl 2011
RISK MITIGATION 1
Groups worked on gender-related risks arising from
• Forest management
– Access to resources
– Threats to agriculture
• Land tenure
– Customary rights over-riding legal rights
– Impact on entitlement to benefits
Gender and REDD Training Workshop, CARE/HIMA, Apirl 2011
RISK MITIGATION 2
• Forest governance
– Meaningful participation
– Transparency & accountability
CROSS CUTTING OBSERVATIONS:
• Most issues identified conflict as a risk
• Many risks are not gender-specific or REDDspecific
Gender and REDD Training Workshop, CARE/HIMA, Apirl 2011
Opportunities of REDD include
• Laws give women rights – action is needed to
enforce them
• Guidelines exist on gender equity in forest
management – need to promote awareness of these
• Potential to reduce women’s workload – through e.g.
introducing fuel-saving technologies for energy
• Forest policy review – introduce issues an women’s
rights and access
Gender and REDD Training Workshop, CARE/HIMA, Apirl 2011
REPORTING
• We looked at a sample survey report from a
REDD pilot project as a learning exercise
• Participants usefully identified a range of gaps
and improvements that would be needed to
make the data complete
Gender and REDD Training Workshop, CARE/HIMA, Apirl 2011
GOOD PRACTICE ON GENDER-SENSITIVE REPORTING
• Include information on results and achievements
towards impact, not just outputs
• Tables and graphs with disaggregated data are good
but not enough; text needs to analyse the findings
from gender perspective
• Mention the challenges and not just positive
achievements
• Include anecdotal and qualitative information
• Bear in mind how your audience understands gender
• Question who are you reporting to and why. How are
you reporting back to women themselves?
Gender and REDD Training Workshop, CARE/HIMA, Apirl 2011
Day Three
•
•
•
•
Monitoring Indicators
Engaging men
Gender in REDD Standards and Policy
Next steps
Gender and REDD Training Workshop, CARE/HIMA, Apirl 2011
Monitoring Indicators
• Watch out for words that have hidden gender
implications e.g “equitable”, “community”, ”propoor”etc.
• Means of Verification is not just project reports.
Methods for collecting data are more important than
the medium in which they are reported.
• Similarly, Indicators on their own are not the only
place where the project demonstrates it is “gendersensitive”. The process for meeting those indicators
is what ensures gender sensitivity.
Gender and REDD Training Workshop, CARE/HIMA, Apirl 2011
Ideas for engaging men to support women’s
participation and sharing in benefits
• Using positive case studies from other experiences to
overcome fear and resistance
• Using influential individuals (not only leaders) to
promote messages and behaviour change
• Capacity building to overcome not only men’s
potential resistance but also women’s own selfconfidence
• Using innovative approaches such as games, sports,
drama in men only spaces
Gender and REDD Training Workshop, CARE/HIMA, Apirl 2011
REDD Standards
• CCB standards which most REDD pilots are
working towards are weak on Gender. Only if
projects aim for CCB Gold Standard GL2 is
there something on gender differentiated
social impact.
• At national policy level, REDD+ Social and
Environmental Standards (REDD+SES) are also
not very specific, but do provide an enabling
framework to ensure women’s participation,
benefit sharing and recognition of rights.
Gender and REDD Training Workshop, CARE/HIMA, Apirl 2011
National REDD Policy
• Early draft has little on gender
• There is no policy commitment to REDD+
safeguards and standards yet
• There needs to be a process going forward to
ensure that gender concerns are addressed in
National REDD Strategy, eg measures to
mitigate effects of limited forest access on
men and women; enforcment of women’s
land rights.
Gender and REDD Training Workshop, CARE/HIMA, Apirl 2011
Potential to influence policy
• Gender can be included in agendas of
Technical Working Groups
• Need also to ensure that gender expertise is
represented
• REDD pilots have been invited to join relevant
Technical Working Groups
• There is no woman on the National REDD Task
Force!
Gender and REDD Training Workshop, CARE/HIMA, Apirl 2011
NEXT STEPS 1
• HIMA
– Gender health check of all project components
– Gender Analysis of project context
– Training curriculum for staff and partners
• TFCG
– Develop project-based gender strategy
– Develop guidelines on REDD benefit sharing
– Training on governance, advocacy & networking
– Awareness raising on REDD, land policies and law
Gender and REDD Training Workshop, CARE/HIMA, Apirl 2011
Next Steps 2
• TaTEDO, Mpingo, Ngenareco
– Review project plans
– Awareness raising on gender
– Capacity building on gender
• REDD Task Force
– Incorporate gender explicitly into SESA training
– Specific gender training for Task Force
– Introduce gender focal points into Technical
Working Groups
Gender and REDD Training Workshop, CARE/HIMA, Apirl 2011
Maintaining the momentum....
• All project interested in further linkages and working
with other REDD pilots, maybe develop a Gender &
REDD Learning Network ?
• volunteers to set this up...
• Soud HIMA
• Raja HIMA
• Bettie TFCG
Gender and REDD Training Workshop, CARE/HIMA, Apirl 2011