Systems Analysis
Chapter 4
Slide 1
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Systems Analysis and Design
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Key Definitions
The As-Is system is the current
system and may or may not be
computerized
The To-Be system is the new
system that is based on
updated requirements
Slide 2
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Systems Analysis and Design
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Key Ideas
The goal of the analysis phase is to
truly understand the requirements
of the new system and develop a
system that addresses them -- or
decide a new system isn’t needed.
The line between systems analysis
and systems design is very blurry.
Slide 3
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Systems Analysis and Design
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THE ANALYSIS PROCESS
Slide 4
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Systems Analysis and Design
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Analysis Across Areas
Combines business and
information technology
Balance expertise of users and
analysts
Slide 5
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Systems Analysis and Design
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The SDLC Process
Slide 6
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Systems Analysis and Design
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Three Steps of the
Analysis Phase
Understanding the “As-Is”
system
Identifying improvement
opportunities
Developing the “To-Be” system
concept
Slide 7
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Systems Analysis and Design
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Three Fundamental
Analysis Strategies
Business process automation
(BPA)
Business Process Improvement
(BPI)
Business Process Reengineering
(BPR)
Slide 8
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Systems Analysis and Design
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Proposal Outline
Table of contents
Executive
summary
System request
Work plan
Analysis strategy
Recommended
system
Feasibility analysis
Slide 9
Process model
Data Model
Appendices
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Systems Analysis and Design
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BUSINESS PROCESS
AUTOMATION
Slide 10
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Systems Analysis and Design
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Business Process
Automation
Goal:
Efficiency
for users
Slide 11
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Systems Analysis and Design
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Identifying Improvements
in As-Is Systems
Problem Analysis
Asking users to identify problems
Rarely finds significant monetary
benefits
Root Cause Analysis
Prioritizing problems
Tracing symptoms to their causes
Slide 12
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Systems Analysis and Design
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Root Cause Analysis
Identify
symptoms
Trace each back
to its causes
Symptoms
Symptoms
ROOT CAUSES
Slide 13
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Systems Analysis and Design
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Root Cause Analysis
Example
Slide 14
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Systems Analysis and Design
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BUSINESS PROCESS
IMPROVEMENT
Slide 15
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Systems Analysis and Design
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Business Process
Improvement
Introducing evolutionary changes
Slide 16
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Systems Analysis and Design
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Duration Analysis
Calculate time needed for each
process step
Calculate time needed for overall
process
Compare the two
Develop process integration or
parallelization
Slide 17
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Systems Analysis and Design
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Activity-Based Costing
Calculate cost of each process
step
Consider both direct and
indirect costs
Identify most costly steps and
focus improvement efforts on
them
Slide 18
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Systems Analysis and Design
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Benchmarking
Studying how other organizations
perform the same business process
Informal benchmarking
Check with customers
Formal benchmarking
Establish formal
relationship with other
organization
Slide 19
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Systems Analysis and Design
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BUSINESS PROCESS
REENGINEERING
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Systems Analysis and Design
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Business Process
Reengineering
Radical
redesign
of
business
processes
Slide 21
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Systems Analysis and Design
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Outcome Analysis
Consider desirable outcomes
from customers’ perspective
Consider what the organization
could enable the customer to do
Slide 22
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Systems Analysis and Design
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Breaking Assumptions
Identify fundamental business
rules
Systematically break each rule
Identify effects on the business
if rule is broken
Slide 23
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Systems Analysis and Design
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Technology Analysis
Analysts list important and
interesting technologies
Managers list important and
interesting technologies
The group identifies how each
might be applied to the
business
Slide 24
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Systems Analysis and Design
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Activity Elimination
Identify what would happen if
each organizational activity
were eliminated
Use “force-fit” to test all
possibilities
Slide 25
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Systems Analysis and Design
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Proxy Benchmarking
List similar industries
Look for techniques from other
industries that could be applied
by the organization
Slide 26
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Systems Analysis and Design
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Process Simplification
Eliminate complexity from
routine transactions
Concentrate separate processes
on exception handling
Slide 27
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Systems Analysis and Design
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DEVELOPING AN
ANALYSIS PLAN
Slide 28
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Systems Analysis and Design
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Developing an Analysis
Strategy
Potential business value
Project cost
Breadth of analysis
Risk
Slide 29
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Systems Analysis and Design
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Characteristics of Analysis
Strategies
Business
Process
Automation
Business
Process
Improvement
Business
Process
Reeingineering
Potential Business
Value
Low-Moderate
Moderate
High
Project Cost
Low
Low-Moderate
High
Breadth of
Analysis
Narrow
Narrow-Moderate
Very Broad
Risk
Low-Moderate
Low-Moderate
Very High
Slide 30
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Systems Analysis and Design
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Understanding the as-is system
Review documentation
Informal benchmarking
Identifying improvements
Problem analysis
Technology analysis
Outcome analysis
Developing a to-be system concept
Develop process model
Develop data model
PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem
Systems Analysis and Design
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Your Turn
How do you know whether to
use business process
automation, business process
improvement, or business
process reengineering?
Provide two examples.
Slide 32
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Systems Analysis and Design
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Avoid Classic Analysis
Mistakes
Reduced analysis time
Requirement gold-plating
User over-specification of features
Developer gold-plating
Too many “cool” features
Lack of user involvement
Slide 33
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Systems Analysis and Design
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Summary
The analysis process aims to create
value for the organization
Three main analysis strategies are
BPA, BPI, and BPR
These strategies vary in potential
business value, but also in potential
cost and risk
Slide 34
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Systems Analysis and Design
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Expanding the Domain
For an interesting variety of IT
resources as well as a wealth of
information on Business Process
Reengineering, take a look at:
http://bprc.warwick.ac.uk/index
.html#BPRCTOP
Slide 35
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Systems Analysis and Design
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