Subjunctive Uses I
Dependent Subjunctives
We come to school
so that we can learn Latin.
main clause
subordinate clause
Purpose Clauses
The First of the Dependent Subjunctives that
we will learn is the Purpose Clause.
The Purpose Clause is a subordinate clause
in the Subjunctive that explains the reason
why the subject performed the action of
the verb.
I ran to class so that I wouldn’t be late.
We go to school so that we might learn.
Purpose Clauses
In English, we can form purpose clauses in a
variety of ways. The two most prevalent
ways are:
- “so that”
I ran to class so that I wouldn’t be late.
- infinitive or “in order to”
We go to school (in order) to learn.
Purpose Clauses
In Latin, there is only one way to create a
purpose clause, and that is with the word “ut”.
Caesar gladium capit ut pugnet.
Caesar grabs a sword in order to fight.
One can negate the purpose clause by using the
word “ne” in place of “ut”.
Caesar pugnat ne patria capiatur.
Caesar fights so that the country might not be
captured.
Purpose Clauses
Hunc tibi donō ut omnēs facta Romanōrum intellegant.
I give this to you so that all may know the deeds of the
Romans.
Hunc tibi donāvī ut omnēs facta Romanōrum
intellegerent.
I gave this to you so that all knew / would know the
deeds of the Romans.
Caesar pugāvit ut Romam ē servitute liberāret.
Caesar fought in order to free Rome from slavery.
Practice
1.
Poētam audiō ut sapientiam eius accipiam.

2.
Poēta canēbat ut laetus esset rēx.

3.
We wage war bitterly so that the province will be free.
Bellum ā nostrīs gestum est nē hostēs prōviniās teneant.

5.
The poet was singing so that the king would be happy.
Bellum ācriter gerēmus ut prōvincia sit lībera.

4.
I listen to the poet in order to receive his wisdom.
War has been waged by us so that the enemies don’t occupy the
provinces.
Tū cum sociīs ad īnsulam missus es ut verba rēgis ad incolās
ferrēs.

You were sent with the allies to the island so that you would bring
the words of the king to the inhabitants.
Result Clauses
Result Clauses
The Next of the Dependent Subjunctives that
we will learn is the Result Clause.
The Result Clause is a subordinate clause in
the Subjunctive that explains an action that
has occurred or is likely to occur as a
result of the main clause.
The best use of the result clause in English
is the “Yo mama” joke.
Not yo’ mama’s Result Clause
Yo mama so stupid that she went to the orthodontist to
get a blue tooth
Yo mama so fat that she eats Wheat Thicks.
Yo mama so nasty that she made speed stick slow
down.
Yo mama so ugly that not even goldfish crackers smile
Back.
Result Clauses
In all of those examples, the presence of the result
clause is signaled by two words.
Yo mama so ugly that she made an onion cry.
The two words that signal a result clause in English are
so and that.
The so is used to modify an adjective/adverb.
The that introduces the result clause proper.
Result Clauses
In Latin, the same two words are used to signal the
result clause:
There are a good amount of so words that can be used,
but most of them are the T correlatives:
So words
tam
so
talis, tale
such
tantus, a, um
so much/great
tot
so many
adeo
to such an extent
sic
thus
ita
in such a manner
Result Clauses
In Latin, the same two words are used to signal the
result clause:
There is only one that word in Latin: ut.
So….
Tua mater est tam deformis ut Cicero, cum eam videret,
quieverit.
Yo mama so ugly that Cicero was struck dumb, when
he saw her.
Result Clauses
Result Clauses also can be negative as well:
Ita dixerat ut non sententiam intellegerem.
She had spoken in such a manner that I did not
understand (her) opinion.
When one introduces a negative result clause, one does
not use ne, but instead uses ut non. This shift in
negative expression helps to differentiate result
clauses from purpose clauses.
Practice
1.
Mater tua est tam obesa ut urbs, cum Romae sit, VIII collēs
habeat.

2.
Tot signa ā dīs missa sunt ut nōn errāre possimus.

3.
Yo mama so fat that the city has 8 hills when she is in Rome.
So many signs have been sent from the gods that we are not able
to err.
Nostrī tam fortiter pugnāverant ut ab imperatore ipsō sint
laudatī.

Our men had fought so bravely that they were praised by the
general himself.