Caesar’s English II Lesson XV culp (blame) culprit, culpable, exculpate CULP means blame. We blame the culprit; to be culpable is to be guilty; and to exculpate someone is to free them from blame! Spanish…culpable pugn (fight) pugnacious, pugilist, oppugn PUGN means fight. A pugnacious person is combative; a puglilist is a fighter; and to oppugn something is to attack or resist it! Spanish…pugnaz URB (city) urban, suburb, urbane URB means city. An urban environment is a city environment; the suburbs are the neighborhoods around the city; and an urbane person is sophisticated and citified! Spanish…urbano numer (number) numeral, enumeration, supernumerary NUMER means number. A numeral is a number; to enumerate is to list; and supernumeraries are extra people! Spanish…enumeración acr (sharp) acrid, acerbity, acrimony ACR means sharp. An acrid smell such as ammonia is sharp; acerbity is sharpness of temper; and acrimony is a sharp and heated dispute! Spanish…acrimonia Advanced Word: Pugnacious The adjective pugnacious comes from the stems pugn, fight, and ous, full of. To be pugnacious is to be combative, ready to fight anyone. Pugnacious people are aggressive and ready to challenge. Sometimes they seem insulting, with a chip on their shoulder. In 1974 E.L. Doctorow wrote, in his novel Ragtime, that “This caused him to tile his chin upwards in order to see, giving him a pugnacious look.” In Joseph Heller’s novel Catch-22 a character “thundered pugnaciously in a voice loud enough to rattle the whole building.” Caesar’s English II Lesson XV Stem meaning Example culp blame culprit pugn fight Pugnacious urb city urban numer number Numeral acr sharp acrid PUGILIST : PUGNACIOUS :: a. urban : suburban b. culprit : culpable c. exculpate : innocent d. enumerate : items PUGILIST : PUGNACIOUS :: a. urban : suburban b. culprit : culpable c. exculpate : innocent d. enumerate : items OPPUGN : SANCTION :: a. pugilist : glove b. city : suburb c. supernumerary : extra d. exculpate : convict OPPUGN : SANCTION :: a. pugilist : glove b. city : suburb c. supernumerary : extra d. exculpate : convict Find the best opposite. ACRIMONY a. pugnacity b. verisimilitude c. urbanity d. harmony Find the best opposite. ACRIMONY a. pugnacity b. verisimilitude c. urbanity d. harmony PUGNACIOUS a. mollifying b. oppugning c. enumerating d. exculpating PUGNACIOUS a. mollifying b. oppugning c. enumerating d. exculpating The gladiators were trained as expert ___________. a. culprits b. pugilists c. supernumeraries d. interlocutors The gladiators were trained as expert ___________. a. culprits b. pugilists c. supernumeraries d. interlocutors Prisoners captured in Gaul were rarely ____________. a. exculpated b. oppugned c. disputed d. enumerated Prisoners captured in Gaul were rarely ____________. a. exculpated b. oppugned c. disputed d. enumerated The spectacles in the Colosseum required a great many ______________. a. acrimonies b. numerals c. exculpations d. supernumeraries The spectacles in the Colosseum required a great many ______________. a. acrimonies b. numerals c. exculpations d. supernumeraries The Grammar of Vocabulary: pugnancious, an adjective. The pugnacious Gauls were no match for the legions. ________________________________________ ________________________________________ ________________________________________ ________________________________________ Caesar’s Classic Words Challenge From Frederick Douglass’s Narrative I would allow myself to suffer…rather than ______________ myself. a. enumerate b. oppugn c. exculpate d. impute Caesar’s Classic Words Challenge From Frederick Douglass’s Narrative I would allow myself to suffer…rather than ______________ myself. a. b. c. d. enumerate oppugn exculpate impute From James Watson’s The Double Helix Rosy and Gosling were ___________ assertive. a. b. c. d. urbanely acrimoniously culpably pugnaciously From James Watson’s The Double Helix Rosy and Gosling were ___________ assertive. a. b. c. d. urbanely acrimoniously culpably pugnaciously From Charlotte Bronte’s Jane Eyre They treated her with coldness and ___________. a. enumeration b. acrimony c. pugnacity d. urbanity From Charlotte Bronte’s Jane Eyre They treated her with coldness and ___________. a. enumeration b. acrimony c. pugnacity d. urbanity