Practical Training for
Referees, Assistant
Referees and Teamwork
Topics
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Referee (R) skills
Assistant Referee (AR) skills
Offside
Teamwork
Ball movement
Player movement
Referee / Assistant Referee movement
Exercise 1
Referee Skills - Signals
3
Aim:
− R and AR to signal for different situations (goal kick, corner
kick, throw-in, free kick, penalty kick)
− R to show yellow or red card when appropriate
Participants:
− 3-5 attackers, 3-5 defenders
− 1 R, 1 AR
Procedure:
− Attackers and defenders play near the penalty area and create
situations where the R and/or AR have to signal the next action
(goal kick, corner kick, throw-in, free kick, penalty kick)
− The R to show the yellow/red card correctly
− Players should be informed, in advance, what to do
− AR to signal for goal kick, corner kick, throw-in, free kick with
the appropriate hand
Exercise 1
Referee Signals
4
Exercise 2
Referee Skills
Aim:
− R to develop speed of reaction and concentration
Participants:
− 5 attackers, 5 defenders
− 1R
− 2 ARs may be added when 2 or more balls are used
Procedure:
− Players pass the ball clockwise and try to surprise the R by
bouncing the ball (foul). The R must identify the player who
bounced the ball, whistle the foul and show the direction of
the free kick
− The second time that the same player bounces the ball, the
R must show him a yellow card and the third time a red card
− We can add difficulty by playing 2-3 balls at the same time
5
Exercise 2
Referee Skills
6
Exercise 2 (without players)
Referee Skills
Aim:
− R to develop speed of reaction and concentration
Participants:
− 8-12 referees divided into 2 teams in distinct colours (acting
as players)
− 1R
− 2 ARs may be added when 2 or more balls are used
Procedure:
− Players pass the ball clockwise and try to surprise the R by
bouncing the ball (foul). The R must identify the player who
bounced the ball, whistle the foul and show the direction of
the free kick
− The second time that the same player bounces the ball, the
R must show him a yellow card and the third time a red card
− We can add difficulty by playing 2-3 balls at the same time
− Participants take it in turn to be players, R or AR
7
Exercise 2b (without players)
Referee Skills
8
Exercise 3
Referee Skills
Aim:
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R to develop speed of reaction and concentration
Participants:
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−
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4-8 attackers and 4-8 defenders
1R
1 AR may be added to assist the R
Procedure:
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Each team starts with a ball. Players kick the ball to their team
mates. If the pass is not executed correctly, the R calls a foul
against that team. Players can try to surprise the R by kicking the
ball in his direction. The R must try to avoid being hit by the ball
and if hit, identify the player who kicked the ball at him and show a
yellow card.
The second time that the same player kicks the ball and hits the R
he is shown a red card
To add difficulty, 2 or more balls may be used
An AR may be used to assist the referee
9
Exercise 3
Referee Skills
10
Exercise 4
Referee Skills
Aim:
− To increase R’s awareness of the movement/actions of
players inside the penalty area
Participants:
− 5 attackers, 5 defenders
− 1R
Procedure:
− Players move within a confined space
− One player at a time commits an offence against an
opponent inside the penalty area. R must identify the player
who committed the infringement, signal the correct restart of
play and apply the appropriate disciplinary sanction
− The level of difficulty may be increased with the use of
concealed offences
11
Exercise 4
Referee Skills
12
Exercise 5
Referee Skills
Aim:
− To increase R’s awareness of the movement/actions of
players inside/outside the penalty area
Participants:
− 5 attackers, 5 defenders
− 1R
Procedure:
− Players move within a confined area on the edge of the
penalty area
− One player at a time commits an offence against an
opponent inside/outside the penalty area. R must identify
the player who committed the infringement, signal the
correct restart of play and apply the appropriate disciplinary
sanction
13
Exercise 5
Referee Skills
14
Exercise 5b (without players)
Referee Skills
Aim:
− To increase R’s awareness of the movement/actions of
participants inside/outside the penalty area
Participants:
− 4 attackers, 4 defenders
− 1R
Procedure:
− Each player is given a tag to wear on his back
− Players move within a marked area on the edge of the
penalty area
− One player at a time removes the tag of an opponent
inside/outside the penalty area
− R must identify the player who committed the infringement,
signal the correct restart of play and apply the appropriate
disciplinary sanction
− To increase the level of difficulty the tag may be placed in
other parts of the body, for example: inside waistband of
shorts, under armpit
15
Exercise 5b (without players)
Referee Skills
16
Exercise 6
Referee Skills - Positioning
17
Aim:
− To develop R’s movement / positioning about the field of play
Participants:
− 10 players (2 teams of 5)
− 1 R, 2 ARs
Procedure:
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The two teams take up position at either end of the field of play in a
line evenly spaced out
R is positioned near the edge of the penalty area on his diagonal
and must keep play between himself and one of his ARs
One team pass the ball by hand from one player to another in
sequence as they move up the field of play at walking pace
Teams change at the end of each practice
The exercise is repeated with the players moving a little more
quickly as they pass the ball by foot
Finally, under match-like conditions, the players pass the ball to
any player in any direction
Exercise 6
Referee Skills - Positioning
18
Exercise 7
Referee Skills - Positioning at free kicks
19
Aim:
− Management of the 9.15m
Participants:
− 6 attackers, 5 defenders, 1 goalkeeper
− 1 R, 1 AR
Procedure:
− Attackers and defenders play near the edge of the penalty area
− Offences are committed by the defending team just outside the
penalty area. The R to manage the 9.15m and then take up the
correct position to check for encroachment and fouls
Exercise 7
Referee Skills - Positioning at free kicks
20
Exercise 7
Referee Skills -1 v 1 Situations
21
Aim:
− To recognise fair/unfair challenges by the goalkeeper
inside/outside the penalty area in 1 v 1 situations
Participants:
− 6 attackers, 1 goalkeeper
− 1 R, 1 AR
Procedure:
− Attackers are positioned in pairs in 3 different starting
positions outside the penalty area
− One attacker at a time dribbles the ball towards the goal
− Attacker and goalkeeper meet about 10 metres from the goal
− R must decide if the challenge is fair/unfair and apply the
appropriate disciplinary sanction
− The exercise can be repeated with the players meeting close to
the edge of the penalty area
− The exercise can be made more difficult by having one attacker
pass the ball towards the goal for his colleague to contest with
the oncoming goalkeeper
Exercise 8
Referee Skills -1 v 1 Situations
22
Exercise 9
AR Skills - Flag Signals
23
Aim:
− AR to signal different situations (throw-in, goal kick, corner
kick, free kick)
Participants:
− 1 attacker, 1 defender
− 1 AR
Procedure:
− Attacker and defender move towards the corner flag with the
ball and either commit a foul or the ball passes out of play for a
−
−
throw-in / goal kick / corner kick
Players are given instruction in advance as to what to do
AR should signal for throw-in, goal kick, corner kick or free kick
with the appropriate hand
Exercise 9
AR Skills - Flag Signals
24
Exercise 9b
AR Skills - Flag Signals
25
Aim:
− AR to signal different situations (throw-in, goal kick,
corner kick, free kick)
Participants:
− 3 attackers, 3 defenders
− 1 AR
Procedure:
− Attacker and defender move with the ball near the corner flag
and commit a foul, throw in, goal kick or corner kick
− Players must be told in advance what to do
− AR should signal for free kick, throw in, goal kick or corner kick
with the appropriate hand
Exercise 9b
AR Skills - Flag Signals
26
Exercise 10
AR Skills - Running Techniques
27
Aim:
− AR to develop running technique
Participants:
− 5 players from the same team
− 1 AR
Procedure:
− AR runs along the touchline following the ball looking infield at
all times
− Players pass the ball from one to another with either short or
long passes
− AR runs sideways if there is a short pass or makes a sprint
forward if there is a long pass
− AR to hold the flag with the hand near the field of play at all
times
Exercise 10
AR Skills - Running Techniques
28
Exercise 11
AR Skills - Running Techniques
Aim:
− ARs to develop running techniques and concentration
Participants:
− 1 AR
Procedure:
− AR to change his/her running technique from cone to
cone along the touchline, based on the instructions
from the instructor eg: # 1 or white - walking, # 2 or blue
- jogging, # 3 or green - sideways, #4 or red - sprinting
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Exercise 11
AR Skills - Running Techniques
30
Exercise 12
AR Skills - Throw-in
31
Aim:
− AR to decide the direction of a throw in
Participants:
− 5 attackers, 5 defenders
− 1 AR
Procedure:
− Attackers and defenders are in pairs near the touchline
with a ball
− One of them kicks the ball off the field of play
− AR to decide the direction
− Each pair kicks the ball immediately after one another
− To make the exercise more difficult, another player or
instructor can be added to block the AR’s view
Exercise 12
AR Skills - Throw-in
32
Exercise 13
AR Skills - Goal kick or corner kick
33
Aim:
− AR to decide corner kick or goal kick
Participants:
− 5 attackers, 5 defenders
− 1 AR
Procedure:
− Attackers and defenders are positioned in pairs with a
ball near the goal line
− One player kicks the ball off the field of play
− AR to decide corner kick or goal kick
− Pairs kick the ball immediately after one another
− Another player or instructor can be placed between AR
and players to make the exercise more difficult
Exercise 13
AR Skills - Goal kick or corner kick
34
Exercise 14
Offside
Aim:
− AR to recognise if an attacker is in an offside position
at the moment the ball is played by a colleague
Participants:
− 5 attackers, 1 defender, 1 kicker
− 1 AR
Procedure:
− Defender is static and the attackers take it in turn to
run towards the opponent’s goal line
− Kicker plays the ball at the moment the players
(attacker & defender) pass one another
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Exercise 14
Offside
36
Exercise 15
Offside
Aim:
− AR to recognise if an attacker is in an offside position
at the moment the ball is played by a colleague
Participants:
− 5 attackers, 5 defenders, 1 kicker
− 1 AR
Procedure:
− 1 defender moves towards 1 attacker running in the
opposite direction towards the opponent’s goal line
− Kicker plays the ball at the moment the players
(attacker & defender) pass one another
− After each practice, the attacker become a defender
and vice versa
37
Exercise 15
Offside
38
Exercise 15
Offside
Aim:
− AR to recognise if the attacker is offside when the ball is
kicked by his team-mate
Participants:
− 2 groups of 4 people( 1 attacker, 1 defender, 1 kicker, 1 AR)
Procedure:
− 1 defender runs towards midfield and 1 attacker runs
towards the opponent’s goal line
− Kicker plays the ball at the moment the players (attacker &
defender) pass one another
− Attackers become defenders, defenders become kickers,
kickers become ARs and ARs become attackers
39
Exercise 15b
Offside
40
Exercise 16
Offside
Aim:
− AR to recognise if an attacker is in an offside position
at the moment the ball is played by a colleague
Participants:
− 3 attackers, 3 defenders, 1 kicker
− 1 AR
Procedure:
− Kicker passes the ball to a colleague inside the
penalty area
− Attackers and defenders simulate a match situation
41
Exercise 16
Offside
42
Exercise 17
Offside
Aim:
− AR to recognise if the attacker is in an offside position while
running among defenders
Participants:
− 4 attackers, 4 defenders
− 1 AR
Procedure:
− Attackers play “1-2” (wall pass) / defenders remain stationary
− Attackers can become defenders and vice versa
− Exercise can be made more difficult if the defenders move
towards attackers
− ARs can be changed after each repetition
43
Exercise 17
Offside
44
Exercise 18
Offside
Aim:
− AR to recognise if the attacker is in an offside position
while running among defenders
Participants:
− 3 attackers, 3 defenders
− 1 AR
Procedure:
− Attackers run between the defenders who are in a static
position
- Defenders and attackers change positions after a
period of one minute
- 2 ARs can be used at the same time
45
Exercise 18
Offside
46
Exercise 19
Offside
Aim:
− AR to recognise if the attacker is offside at the moment
the ball is played by his team-mate
Participants:
− 3 attackers, 3 defenders
− 1 AR
Procedure:
− Attacker kicks the ball forward, while the other two
attackers run towards the defenders who are in a static
position
− To increase the degree of difficulty, defenders can
move forwards or backwards
47
Exercise 19
Offside
48
Exercise 20
Team Work
Aim:
− R and/or AR to recognise if a foul is committed by the
defender or attacker, inside or outside the penalty area
Participants:
− 1 attacker, 1 defender
− 1 R, 1 AR
Procedure:
− 1 attacker and 1 defender run towards the penalty area
committing or simulating fouls
− R and/or AR must decide foul, penalty, simulation
49
Exercise 20
Team Work
50
Exercise 21
Team Work
Aim:
− R and/or AR to recognise if a foul is committed by
defender or attacker, inside the penalty area
Participants:
− 3 attackers, 3 defenders
− 1 R, 1 AR
Procedure:
− 3 attackers and 3 defenders move about inside the
penalty area committing fouls
− R and/or AR must decide if offence is committed by
the defender or the attacker
− R and AR can be replaced after each repetition
51
Exercise 21
Team Work
52
Exercice 22
Team Work
Aims:
R and AR to develop team work through foul recognition
Participants:
3 attackers, 3 defenders, 1 kicker
1 R, 1 AR
Procedure:
At stations 1, 2 and 3 an attacker and a defender move
towards goal when instructed, challenging each other for
the ball
53
Exercice 22
Team Work
54
Exercise 23
Team Work
55
Aims:
− R to improve positioning and movement
− R and AR to develop foul recognition
Participants:
− 4 attackers, 4 defenders, 1 kicker, 1 goalkeeper
− 1 R, 1 AR
Procedure:
-
When corner kick is taken, R and AR to observe possible
offences being committed inside/outside the penalty
area eg. holding, pushing, etc.
Corner kicks to be taken from alternate sides
Exercise 23
Team Work
56
Exercise 24
Team Work
57
Aim:
− To develop R’s positioning to enable him to better recognise
offences committed inside/outside the penalty area
− AR to assist for offences committed within his working area
Participants:
− 5 attackers, 5 defenders
− 1 R, 1 AR
Procedure:
− 1 attacker and 1 defender take up position in various locations
outside the penalty area
− Each pairs is numbered 1-5
− Players may only move when instructed to do so
− R and/or AR to recognise offences committed inside/outside
the penalty area
Exercise 24
Team Work
58
4
3
1
2
Exercise 25
Team Work
Aim:
− AR to recognise if an attacker is in an offside position
at the moment the ball is played by a colleague
− R and/or AR to recognise if an offence has been
committed by an attacker or defender inside the
penalty area
Participants:
− 4 attackers, 3 defenders, 1 goalkeeper
− 1 R, 1 AR
Procedure:
− Attackers and defenders simulate match-like
situations inside the penalty area
59
Exercise 25
Team Work
60
Exercise 26
Team Work
Aim:
− R and AR to control correct procedure at penalty kicks
Participants:
− 5 attackers, 5 defenders, 1 goalkeeper, 1 kicker
− 1 R, 1 AR
Procedure:
− Different scenarios at the taking of a penalty kick:
encroachment by defender, by attacker, by both
defender & attacker, by goalkeeper, etc
61
Exercise 26
Team Work
62
Exercise 27
Team Work
Aim:
− R and AR to control correct procedure at the taking of
kicks from the penalty mark
Participants:
− Attackers, defenders
− 2 goalkeepers
− 1 R, 2 ARs
Procedure:
− different situations during kicks from the penalty mark
63
Exercise 27
Team Work
64