BY: MR. CONNOLLY
CH. 12 THE AGE OF JACKSON
Jackson’s Presidency
 Seen by many as a turning point
 First Western President
 Age of the Common Man- growth of
involvement by citizens in public life
 1824 – John Quincy Adams beats Andrew Jackson for
the Presidency
 Jackson feels robbed by a “corrupt bargain”
 Jackson tells people that Adams represents the wealthy
 The Democratic-Republican party splits
 Those that support Jackson- Democrats
 Jackson’s opponents - Whigs
 Adams had big plans
 Build canals and roads
 Aid education and science
Congress is full of Jackson’s buddies, and they
prevent any of Adams’ plans from happening
1828
 More people can vote!
 Voter restrictions go down almost all over the
country
Jacksonian democracy
 End of property qualifications
 Spoils system
 New forms of campaigning
Changing Politics
 Nominating conventions
 Campaign methods
 Jackson was from a humble background
 People saw him as a champion of the
everyday man
Jackson the Man
 Studied law
 Bought and sold land
 Fought in war of 1812
 Became a national hero
for the Battle of New
Orleans
 “Old Hickory”
 Soon after becoming President, his wife dies
 All kinds of people show up to the Inauguration, rich
and poor
 The party at the White House was so wild that
Jackson fled and stayed at a hotel
 Jackson had been fighting all of his life, but
he had another one ahead
 3 major issues:
 The status of Native Americans
 The rights of the states
 The role of the Bank of the United States
Visual Summary
MAJOR ISSUES OF JACKSON’S PRESIDENCY
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Transparencies
JACKSON’S POLICY TOWARD
NATIVE AMERICANS
The Five Civilized Tribes
 100,000 Native Americans still in the
Southeast
 Cherokee
 Chickasaw
 Choctaw
 Creek
 Seminole
The Cherokee
 Had their own constitution
 Their own newspaper
 But when gold was discovered, the
government comes up with a plan to get rid
of them
The Cherokee Alphabet
Jackson and the Indians
 Jackson believed that Native Americans could
ally with foreign invaders
 They can either adopt white culture
 Or go west
 That’s it!
 Jackson believed removing Native Americans
would help them maintain their culture
 ??????
Critical Thinking: Cause and Effect
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Transparencies
Indian Removal Act of 1830
 The government begins to negotiate to send
the Indian tribes West
 Trade Eastern lands for Western lands
 Give them money food and rifles for one year
 It wasn’t much of a negotiation
 The Cherokee resist moving
 Cherokee Nation v. Georgia
 John Marshall rules that the Cherokee are a
dependent nation
 Federal, not state law
Worcester v. Georgia
 Georgia passes a law in 1830
 Any white person living with Cherokee
without a license will go to jail
 Sam Worcester becomes a victim
 John Marshall frees Worcester, and
determines that the Cherokee are not bound
by state law
 Jackson doesn’t care
 By 1838, the government comes for the
Cherokee
 Over 16,000 Cherokee are forced from their
homes and put into camps
 That winter, they are force marched from Georgia
to Oklahoma
BACK TO LESSON
Removal of Native Americans, 1820–1840
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 Over a quarter of them died along the way
 Called the Trail of Tears
CONFLICT OVER STATES’
RIGHTS
SECTIONALISM IS PULLING THE
COUNTRY APART
 There are three big issues
 Sale of public lands
 Internal improvements
 tariffs
Sale of public land
 The government is raising money by selling land out
West
 Northeasterners don’t want the land sold cheap
 They will lose workers in the factories
 Westerners want cheap land to settle the areas
Internal improvements
 Northeasterners and Westerners wanted
more roads and canals
 Food and raw materials can go to the Northeast
 Manufactured goods can go West
 Southerners didn’t want these things
 Paid for by tariffs
The Trouble with Tariffs
 Southerners are growing so much cotton that
they ship it to England and France
 They buy stuff from these countries, but have
to pay extra in tariffs
 Southern economy depends on foreign trade,
but foreign goods cost more
This leads to conflict
between North and South
 1828- J.Q. Adams raises tariffs
 The South goes nuts!
 They call this tariff the Tariff of Abomination (an
abomination is a hateful thing)
 John C. Calhoun comes
up with nullification to
combat the tariff
 A state can refuse to
obey a federal law that
it considers
unconstitutional
 This was an OLD argument: states’ rights
 Some supported a strong federal government
 Andrew Jackson
 Daniel Webster
 Some supported the states
 John C. Calhoun
 Senator Hayne
 Daniel Webster- a
senator from Mass.
And one of the
greatest speakers of
his time
 “It is the people that
make up the Union, not
the states”
 “Liberty and Union,
now and forever”
 Webster and Hayne engage in a debate over
nullification
 South Carolina threatens to secede, or break
away, from the Union
 Jackson responds with gathering the army
 Congress reduces the tariff, thanks to Henry Clay
 Henry Clay
 Missouri Compromise
 Nullification Crisis
 Earns the name “ The
Great Compromiser”
SOON, JACKSON WILL START
ANOTHER FIGHT, WITH THE
NATIONAL BANK
2nd Bank of the United States
 Most powerful bank in the country
 The bank president controlled the nations
money supply
Nicholas Biddle runs the
bank
He’s made loans to
members of Congress
He brags about being
able to influence
Congress
 Jackson decides to shut him down
 Moves federal funds from the National Bank to
state banks
 Cripples the National Bank
 The bank needs a charter, or permission by
the government to run
 Jackson vetoes the renewal
 He declares the bank unconstitutional
 Many feel Jackson has
gone too far
 Henry Clay called him a
tyrant
 Jackson won the re-election in 1832, so he
takes it as a sign that he was right
 Eventually, he stamps out the bank in 1836
 He won the battle, but the economy was a
casualty
 Increase in prices and decrease in value
 Jackson tries to fight this by making
everybody pay in gold or silver
 When Jackson leaves, the nation is
prospering
 It doesn’t last