By: Ryan Hawthorne, Jonathan Kavanagh,
Sean Redmond, Ed Darrh

 When in lab, wear your safety glasses.
 Wear Proper clothing.
 Wash hands immediately after use of any finish.
 Keep solvents away from heat.
 Use in a ventilated room.
 After using any finish, close all containers and put away properly.
 Clean up any spills that may be a hazard in the lab.

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The two main reasons for finishing wood include:
 To protect it
 To add to it's beauty
* When finishing, take your time, DON’T RUSH!

 Transparent Coatingscoatings that can be seen through.
Ex. Shellac, varnish, lacquer
 Penetrating Finishesthese soak into the wood rather than just coat it. Ex. Linseed Oil, Danish Oil
 Opaque Finishescovers the surface completely, cannot be seen through. Ex. Paint, enamel

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a preparation consisting of various resins, dissolved in an oil or in alcohol. When applied to the surface of wood, it dries and leaves a hard, glossy transparent coating.
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a varnish made by dissolving this material in alcohol or a similar solvent.
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a protective coating consisting of a resin, sometimes with pigment added.
 Resin –
Resin is a thick and sticky yellowish- brown substance used to chemically bond materials together.

 Linseed Oil-
A yellowish oil extracted from the seeds of flax and used as a drying oil in paints and varnishes and in linoleum, printing inks, and synthetic resins.
 Danish Oilis a blend of oils and resins that penetrates, seals, and preserves wood surfaces.

 Abrasives
 Brushes
 Solvents
 Wax
 Oils
 Paints

 Two main brushes used are bristle brushes and foam polybrushes.
 Natural bristle brushesare made with hog hair, commonly used with oil base paints.
 Synthetic bristle brushesare made of nylon or polyester, commonly used with water soluble finishes, and most oil base finishes.
 Foam polybrushesmade of plastic foam tapered on both sides to a sharp point, can be used on most finishes.

 Project design
 Type of wood being used
 Projects intended use
 What do you want your end result to look like?
 Will it be exposed to heat, or moisture?

 After assembling the project, check for the following before applying your finish:
 Dried glue
 Dents
 Chips
 Scratches

 Remove access glue
 Remove Mill Marks
 Correct dents, chips or gouges;
 Using hot steam,
 Wood fillers may be needed, such as a wood patch.
Fill deep cracks and gouges with wood filler or water putty; leave the filler slightly high to allow for shrinkage as it dries. When the patch is dry, sand it smooth.

 Sanding is crucial to preparing your wood for a finish, whether it be hand or power sanding.
 Anyone tell me why?
 Different grit sand paper
 Coarse- (80 grit)
 Medium to fine- (100-180 grit)
 Very Fine- (220-280 grit)

 Stainingis the process to change the color of the wood without changing it’s texture.
 Types of stains:
 Pigment stains -are made by adding color pigments together.
 Ex. Mineral spirits, etc
 Penetrating stains – are made by mixing aniline dyes in oil.
 Ex. Minwax, etc

 Wood Stain Finishes :
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Wood Toned
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Lightly pigmented wood-toned finishes add color to the wood, while enhancing its natural beauty.
Semi-Transparent Semi-transparent finishes allow both the natural grain and texture to show through.
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Solid Color- The most durable finish, solid color stains reveal the texture of the wood, but generally conceal the grain.

 Two basic types of clear top-coat finishes:
 Those that penetrate the wood
 Ex- linseed oil, danish oil
 Those that stay on top of the surface

Ex. Shellac, varnish, polyurethane and lacquer

 After stain has dried completely, a sealer should be applied over the stain before a clear finish is applied. Why?
-This prevents the stain from bleeding into the clear coat which causes the end result to be cloudy.

 This is put on over the sealer to seal the pores of the wood before applying a clear finish.
Apply filler first along the grain of the wood. Then work across the grain to fill the pores completely.

 These may include, water based latex or oil based.
 An enamel paint is a paint that dries to an especially hard, usually glossy, finish.
 Before applying paints, a primer should be applied, priming ensures better adhesion of paint to the surface, increases paint durability, and provides additional protection for the material being painted.

 Generally two coats of paint or enamel are applied.
 Between each coat, a light sanding job will help with the looks of your finish.

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Keep in mind, all safety precautions when working in the lab.
Two main reasons to finish your wood;
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To protect it
To add to its beauty
There are many various finishes, your choice depends on many factors such as;
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Type of wood used
Project design
Projects intended use
Visual appearance
Will it be exposed to heat or moisture?

 Before applying your finish make sure you prepare the surfaces being finished. This includes;

Check for imperfections
 Correct those imperfections
 Apply finish
•
Take your time, don’t Rush!!!
Any Questions???

 http://home.howstuffworks.com/guide-tofurniture-finishes-ga4.htm
 http://www.diynetwork.com/how-to/naturalwood-finishes/index.html
 http://home.howstuffworks.com/guide-tofurniture-finishes-ga5.htm
 http://home.howstuffworks.com/guide-tofurniture-finishes-ga2.htm