Chapter 7
IMMIGRATION AND
URBANIZATION
Section 1
NEW IMMIGRATION
WHAT NATIONALITY ARE YOU?
Nationalities in Class
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Total Students:
Figure out %
Create a graph that
represents nationalities
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Title
Axis labels
Figures for each section of
graph
Color it in!
http://www.mathsisfun.c
om/data/pie-charts.html
WHAT NATIONALITY ARE YOU? (PICK ONE)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Irish
Italian
German
French
Polish
Mexican
Japanese
Chinese
Other
• Italy
• Austria-Hungary
• Russia
• escape religious
persecution
• Overpopulated
• Find good jobs and
farmland
• freer lives
• China
• Japan
• make money
• seek fortunes
• obtain better paying
jobs
• Mexico
• Jamaica
• Cuba
• Puerto Rico
• West Indies (islands)
• find work
• lived in territories
taken over by U.S.
• flee political turmoil
1. List basic objects you see? Do
they symbolize anything?
2. What people/groups do you
see? Who are they or who do
they represent?
3. How is the Statue of Liberty
portrayed? Why do you think
that is?
4. What writing is in the cartoon?
What does it say?
5. What is the title?
6. Explain the message of the
cartoon.
7. How do you think the illustrator
viewed immigration?
“Dumping European Garbage”
Judge magazine, 1890
NATIVE-BORN
PART B
NEW IMMIGRANTS
RESTRICTIONS
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Rise of nativism (overt
favoritism towards nativeborn Americans)
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“right countries” (anglosaxon; Germanic;
historically progressive and
energetic)
“wrong countries” (slav,
latin, asian, historically
downtrodden and
stagnant)
Religious objections
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Roman Catholics
Jews
ANTI-ASIAN SENTIMENT

Chinese Exclusion Act – banned entry to all
Chinese except students, teachers, merchants,
tourists, and gov. officials for ten years.
 Extended
ten additional years
 Extended indefinately
 Repealed in 1943

Gentlemen’s Agreement – Japan limit
emigration of unskilled workers in exchange for
U.S. repealing San Francisco segregation laws.
URBAN OPPORTUNITIES
The People
1. Immigrants
2. Farmers
3.African Americans
Why was each group drawn to cities in the Northeast and
Midwest?
Urban
Problems
Causes:
Rapid population
increase
Low wages
Section 3
POLITICS IN THE GILDED AGE
GILDED AGE
 Gilded
Age – a
period of greed and
self-indulgence
 Rapid growth with
inefficient
government
 Social Darwinism
 Vulnerable to the
political machines
Political
Machines
City Boss
• controlled the activities of the
political party throughout the city
• worked with wards and captains to elect certain candidates
• Controlled access to municipal jobs and business licenses
• influenced the courts and municipal agencies
• influenced by money or votes
Ward Bosses
• secure votes in all precincts
in a ward (electoral district)
• helped the poor and immigrants to gain their votes
(doing favors or providing services such as naturalization for immigrants)
• worked with the bosses to elect certain candidates
Local Precinct Captains
•In charge of a city block
•Try to gain votes/support for the party
(Often 1st or 2nd generation immigrants – related to other immigrants)
• worked with the bosses to elect certain candidates
“BOSS” TWEED
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Political machines often
committed fraud
Once won, they would take
advantage of graft
opportunities and kick backs
Tammany Hall – NYC’s
Democratic party political
machine
William “Boss” Tweed and his
ring used schemes to gain
money
Thomas Nast – political
cartoonist who helped arouse
suspicion.
#1
#2
#3
#4
#5
Chapter 8 Section 3
SEGREGATION AND DISCRIMINATION
VOTING RESTRICTIONS
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Literacy Test
Poll tax
Grandfather clause
FORMAL RESTRICTIONS
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Jim Crow Laws
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Plessy v. Ferguson
(1896)
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RESTRICTIONS
Public Segregation
Separate but equal
Brown v. Board of
Education
INFORMAL RESTRICTIONS
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Racial etiquette
Violence
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Burning
Lynching
Job discrimination
RESTRICTIONS (CONT)
Strange Fruit
PLESSY V. FERGUSON (1896)
How many Supreme Court justices? _____
 How do they become justices? ______________
 How long do they serve? _________________
 Supreme Court Case terms:

Plaintiff – a person/group who is challenging the lower
courts’ decisions
 Defense – person/group/law being challenged or
accused
 Majority opinion – summary of the decision by the court
 Dissent – summary of the opinions of the judges who
voted against the majority

PAPERS FOR TEST
The New Immigrants (7-1 worksheet)
 Immigration Webquest
 How the other Half Lives (7-2 worksheet)
 Boss Tweed (7-3 worksheet)
 Segregation and discrimination worksheet (8-3)
 Political Cartoon Analysis worksheet
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