TEACHING LETTERS AND PHONICS 第三期講師班 組員: 劉芳如 曹愛莉 朱敏菁 指導教授:陳純音教授 Acknowledgment 第一期講師班 李智賢校長指導, 組員:郭靜美, 蔡宜靜, 林恆卉, 李美雲 第二期講師班 江翠國小: 江淑惠 集美國小: 李貞儀 老梅國小: 許豐萍 積穗國小: 李美雲 1 Can you read? 2 What is phonics? •Phonics is the relationships between _______ and _______ in a language. (the letter B has the sound of /b/) 3 What is phonics? • Most types of phonics instruction focus on the teaching of letter-sound relationships, which help readers map sounds onto spelling, and sound out the words in reading (Blevins, 2006). 4 Why is phonics important? Learning phonics will help students ____ and _____. --Written language can be compared to a code, so knowing the sounds of letters and letter combinations will help your child decode words --Knowing phonics will also help your child know which letters to use as he writes words. 自然發音 vs 字母拼讀 5 Components of phonics •Phonics teaching contains the following components (Blevins, 2006) explicit introduction of letter-sound relationship _________ awareness blending and _____________ exercises word-building repeated readings / controlled text readings dictation 6 Phonemic awareness •玩聲音的遊戲 rhymes / word family sentence word word syllable alliteration syllable phoneme 7 When should phonics be taught? 低年級 中年級 高年級 __ Short vowels __ long vowels, __ vowel diphthong __ r-controlled vowels ___ Consonants __ consonants digraphs __ consonant blends alphabet 8 BEFORE PHONICS • Alphabet Teaching --letter names --letter shapes -- more activities 9 Letter names • 能力指標 1-1-1-1 能聽懂辨別英文26個字母的名稱(letter name) 2-1-1-1 能正確說出26個字母的名稱。 2-1-1-2 能依序正確說出26個字母的名稱。 10 Letter names Show the letter materials Read aloud --mimic --repeat Students’ response --whole, group, individual Activities 11 Letter names • Play games • Sing ABC song • Chant books --Letter parade • Picture books --Dr. Seuss’s ABC -e-book, song --Class book 12 More activities •What else? 字母接龍 碎碎念 倒過來唸 咄咄逼人 心臟病 13 Letter shapes • 3-1-1-1 能正確辨識印刷體的大寫字母 • 3-1-1-2 能正確辨識印刷體的小寫字母 • 3-1-1-3 能正確辨識印刷體大小寫字母之間對應的關係 • 4-1-1-1 能熟悉字母的筆順 • 4-1-1-2 能在畫有四(或三)線的行間書寫印刷體大小寫字母 • 4-1-1-3 能在僅畫有底線的行間書寫印刷體大小寫字母 17 Letter shapes Show the letter Guide writing --shape, position Activities Practice --Picture books *different fonts of printed letters 18 More activities •What else? 毛根/黏土 字母拼圖 書空變化 字母do re me 外框字 19 WHILE PHONICS • Phonics Teaching -- Letter sounds -- words -- more activities 20 中年級 vowels consonants short vowel a (short-a) b c d f short vowel e (short-e) g h j k short vowel i (short-i) l m n p short vowel o (short-o) qu r s t short vowel u (short-u) v w x y z Letter Sounds-1 - 能力指標 1-1-2-1及2-1-2-1 能聽辨、唸出英語的子音 1-1-2-2及2-1-2-2 能聽辨、唸出英語的母音 1-1-5-1 能聽辨單字的音節數和重音 2-1-2-3 能唸出英語子音與母音的基本組合 4-1-5-1 能使用字母拼讀法(phonics)中基本常用的規則 來輔助拼寫字詞 5-1-6-1 能瞭解字母與發音的對應關係與規則。 5-1-6-2 能運用字母拼讀法,嘗試將看到的字詞讀出。 5-1-6-3 能運用字母拼讀法,嘗試將聽到的字詞拼出。 22 Letter sounds-1 •Show the letter (display visual & audio materials) • Sound it (A, /a/) (call & response) • Activities • Practice --single --minimal pairs --sound in words --words in sentences or context 23 More activities •What else? 故事聯想 Tic-Tac-Toe 字母小卡 轉盤 拉拉書 24 Online Resources •Letter by letter •Singing, chanting, •Blending •Consonants— beginning & ending (kidzone) (Amy’s)(more on youtube) b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z a b c d e f g h i j k l b c, k d e f g h i j l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z 高年級-1 Long vowels Vowel diphthongs R-controlled vowels long vowel a_e (long-a) long vowel ee (long-e) long vowel i_e (long-i) long vowel o_e (long-o) long vowel u_e (long-u) 28 高年級-2 consonant digraphs consonant blends voiced th / unvoiced th bl / pl wh / ph / ng dr / tr / fr / gr ch / sh sk / sp / st 29 Letter Sounds-2 - 能力指標 1-1-2-1及2-1-2-1 能聽辨、唸出英語的子音 1-1-2-2及2-1-2-2 能聽辨、唸出英語的母音 1-1-5-1 能聽辨單字的音節數和重音 2-1-2-3 能唸出英語子音與母音的基本組合 4-1-5-1 能使用字母拼讀法(phonics)中基本常用的規則 來輔助拼寫字詞 5-1-6-1 能瞭解字母與發音的對應關係與規則。 5-1-6-2 能運用字母拼讀法,嘗試將看到的字詞讀出 5-1-6-3 能運用字母拼讀法,嘗試將聽到的字詞拼出。 30 Letter Sounds-2 • How to teach Show the word & Say it (Show the picture) Decode (split & blend) Sound it Activities black bl-a-ck More activities •More Activities for phonics -vowel team-oa, ai, ea, ay -vowel team-ea -Song-Apples and Bananas - decodable text 32 POST PHONICS • Sight words -- window wall -- Dolch sight words • understanding --Picture books 33 Conclusion-1 •Every child has his own learning pace and preference, so there is “no definite” way to teach anything, including phonics. 34 Conclusion-2 •Where there are words, there are chances for teaching phonics! (語撲滿) 35 References 1. 教育部北區英語教學資源中心 2. 南投縣國小英語輔導團補救教學補充教材 http://163.22.168.6/~ntctenglish/ 提供「字母加油站」、「Sight Words加油站」等補充教材, 含錄音檔。 3. Starfall http://www.starfall.com 提供不同學習階段的學習活動,寓教於樂,包括有趣的字母學 習動畫、後續的評量活動、字母拼讀練習、字母讀本、進階讀 本等。可愛生動的動畫設計,以及清晰的音效,非常受學生喜 愛。 36 References 4. Kizclub http://www.kizclub.com/ 提供豐富的字母和字母拼讀學習單,童謠和故事,以及實用的 教具設計,不但是很好的課堂教學資源,也可以作為學生在家 延伸學習的教材。 5. LearnEnglishKids http://learnenglishkids.britishcouncil.org/ 網站內容豐富,動畫活潑可愛,包括字母、字彙、句型、 故事、 歌謠韻文、遊戲活動、教學資源等,能提供各種語言程度學生 的學習。 6. 新北市國小英語輔導團 http://tesag.ntpc.edu.tw/web/1english/default.asp 37 References 7. Electric Company http://pbskids.org/electriccompany/ 8. Between the Lions http://pbskids.org/lions/ 9. Reading A- Z http://www.readinga-z.com/ 10. Phonics from A- Z : A Practical Guide (by Blevins, Wiley) 38 39