1756-1763
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Fighting took place all
over the world (1755).
Fighting began in
North America in the
Spring of 1758 when
the British captured
Louisbourg and
destroyed the fortress.
This opened up the St.
Lawrence River to a
British invasion.
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A massive fleet sailed single
file up the St. Lawrence
River (June). This fleet
stretched 150 km.
Anchored near Ile d’Orleans
just down river from
Quebec.
Where to attack? This was
General Wolfe’s question
The French held the high
ground on the top of the
cliffs.
The Beauport Shore was his
answer.
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Wolf sent 4 000 soldiers to
attack the Beauport Shore
(gentle slopping land).
French Commander Marquis
Louis-Joseph de Montcalm
figured this would be the
move and had a strong
defence waiting.
440 British soldiers were
killed or wounded.
Wolfe would have to think of
something different .
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A feint is a move that deceives.
Wolfe organized some ships to
make the French think he would
attack Beauport Shore again.
Montcalm sent his best troops to
defend the shore.
Instead Wolfe decided to attack
Quebec from the west, but this
was a risky move.
Troops would need to climb the
Anse-au-Foulon (a steep/narrow
path that the French used to get
their water.
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The British were to travel at
night.
On September 12th the British
captured a French guard post.
French speaking British soldiers
pretended to carry a message
from a French general
downstream.
They killed the guards with
knives.
Wolfe followed with 5 000
troops to the Plains of Abraham
(open field next to Quebec).
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On the morning of September
13th, 1759.
Wolfe stood at the front of his
army on the Plains of
Abraham.
Quebec was defended by high
stone walls.
The British cut off trade from
the river.
The French would need to
leave to get food.
Montcalm would have to
leave Quebec with troops, but
his best troops were at the
Beauport Shore due to Wolfe’s
feint.
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Wolfe’s soldier stood shoulder
to shoulder in red uniforms and
muskets loaded.
Montcalm & soldiers rushed
out of Quebec and advanced on
the British.
The French got stretched out
and gaps formed.
The soldiers were out of breath
and ineffective.
The British front line fired with
deadly results.
They then knelt to reload, the
second line fired, then the third.
Every 20 seconds one British
line fired.
The French were cut to pieces.
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Wolfe and Montcalm were
both killed.
The Marquis de Vaudreuil, the
French Governor surrendered
to General Jeffrey Amherst,
the new British commander.
The Treaty of Paris (1763) was
signed. Many locations were
given back, but not New
France (stayed British).
One positive for the French
was the fact that the Roman
Catholic religion was allowed
to continue and no churches
would be destroyed.